Table 4.

Univariable and multivariable linear regression results for the association between 25(OH)D levels and cognitive and motor outcomes.

	Univariable Model β (95% CI) n= 302	p Value	Model 1 * β (95% CI) n = 272	p Value	Model 2 ** β (95% CI) n = 259	p Value
Verbal and non-verbal IQ
25(OH)D levels (per 10 nmol/L)	−0.01 (−0.07, 0.06)	0.76	0.01 (−0.07, 0.08)	0.86	0.01(−0.07, 0.08)	0.82
25(OH)D levels >75 nmol/L	Reference		Reference		Reference
25(OH)D levels 50–75 nmol/L	−0.08 (−0.40, 0.24)	0.63	0.02 (−0.31, 0.35)	0.89	0.04 (−0.30, 0.39)	0.80
25(OH)D levels ≤75 nmol/L	0.08 (−0.23, 0.39)	0.63	−0.01 (−0.33, 0.32)	0.96	−0.05 (−0.38, 0.29)	0.78
Executive function
25(OH)D levels (per 10 nmol/L)	0.01 (−0.06, 0.07)	0.81	0.03 (−0.04, 0.10)	0.37	0.04 (−0.03, 0.12)	0.25
25(OH)D levels >75 nmol/L	Reference		Reference		Reference
25(OH)D levels 50–75 nmol/L	−0.07 (−0.38, 0.23)	0.64	−0.06 (−0.38, 0.27)	0.73	−0.04 (−37, 0.29)	0.81
25(OH)D levels ≤75 nmol/L	0.08 (−0.22, 0.39)	0.58	0.04 (−0.27, 0.35)	0.80	0.01 (−0.32, 0.34)	0.94
Motor function
25(OH)D levels (per 10 nmol/L)	0.02 (−0.04, 0.07)	0.54	0.02 (−0.04, 0.08)	0.55	0.02 (−0.04, 0.09)	0.52
25(OH)D levels >75 nmol/L	Reference		Reference		Reference
25(OH)D levels 50–75 nmol/L	0.00 (−0.27, 0.27)	0.99	0.01 (−0.27, 0.29)	0.96	0.01 (−0.29, 0.30)	0.97
25(OH)D levels ≤75 nmol/L	−0.04 (−0.29, 0.22)	0.79	−0.06 (−0.33, 0.22)	0.68	−0.06 (−0.34, 0.23)	0.70

CI, confidence interval. * Model 1 was minimally adjusted for age at 25(OH)D measurement, sex, iron status and anaemia. ** Model 2 was adjusted for factors in model 1 plus stunting, inflammation, randomized treatment of children with albendazole, socioeconomic status, maternal education and asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia. Sample size reduced from 302 to 259 children in the final multivariable analyses due to missing values in some of the adjusted variables such as anaemia and iron status. All p values are from the Wald test.