Table 2.
Univariate Cox regression analysis for overall survival and disease-free survival.
| Variable | Overall Survival | Disease-Free Survival | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| General population | ||||
| Age ≥ 65 (vs. <65) | 1.640 (1.134–2.372) | 0.009 | 1.052 (0.729–1.518) | 0.787 |
| Male (vs. female) | 1.678 (1.087–2.589) | 0.019 | 1.137 (0.771–1.676) | 0.516 |
| Smoking history (vs. no smoking history) | 1.611 (1.076–2.414) | 0.021 | 0.949 (0.658–1.368) | 0.779 |
| Operation type | ||||
| Lobectomy | 1 | 1 | ||
| Bilobectomy | 1.649 (0.857–3.174) | 0.134 | 1.226 (0.620–2.423) | 0.557 |
| Pneumonectomy | 2.123 (1.065–4.232) | 0.032 | 0.911 (0.400–2.075) | 0.825 |
| Others a | 2.343 (1.015–5.406) | 0.046 | 2.088 (0.291–14.994) | 0.464 |
| Adjuvant therapy (+ vs. −) | 2.322 (1.565–3.445) | <0.001 | 2.460 (1.696–3.567) | <0.001 |
| Histology | ||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 1 | 1 | ||
| Squamous cell carcinoma (vs. adenocarcinoma) | 1.154 (0.781–1.708) | 0.472 | 0.603 (0.400–0.910) | 0.016 |
| Other types b (vs. adenocarcinoma) | 5.064 (2.309–11.107) | <0.001 | 2.199 (0.805–6.003) | 0.124 |
| Stage II–III (vs. Stage I) | 4.758 (2.952–7.669) | <0.001 | 2.257 (1.539–3.309) | <0.001 |
| Grade 2–3 (vs. Grade 1) | 3.127 (1.743–5.609) | <0.001 | 1.719 (1.077–2.745) | 0.023 |
| CHIP expression (+ vs. −) | 0.576 (0.334–0.993) | 0.047 | 0.795 (0.504–1.252) | 0.322 |
| RIPK3 expression (+ vs. −) | 1.697 (1.058–2.721) | 0.028 | 1.501 (0.955–2.361) | 0.078 |
| CHIP(-)/RIPK3(+) (vs. Others c) | 1.999 (1.341–2.980) | 0.001 | 1.566 (1.080–2.272) | 0.018 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy recipients | ||||
| CHIP expression (+ vs. −) | 0.526 (0.235–1.178) | 0.118 | 0.571 (0.288–1.133) | 0.109 |
| RIPK3 expression (+ vs. −) | 1.219 (0.436–3.409) | 0.706 | 1.310 (0.521–3.297) | 0.566 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy non-recipients | ||||
| CHIP expression (+ vs. −) | 0.584 (0.279–1.225) | 0.155 | 0.968 (0.527–1.780) | 0.918 |
| RIPK3 expression (+ vs. −) | 1.652 (0.958–2.850) | 0.071 | 1.301 (0.757–2.236) | 0.340 |
| Adjuvant radiotherapy recipients | ||||
| CHIP expression (+ vs. −) | 0.555 (0.236–1.305) | 0.177 | 0.977 (0.473–2.015) | 0.949 |
| RIPK3 expression (+ vs. −) | 2.143 (0.770–5.969) | 0.145 | 2.100 (0.829–5.324) | 0.118 |
| Adjuvant radiotherapy non-recipients | ||||
| CHIP expression (+ vs. −) | 0.624 (0.307–1.267) | 0.192 | 0.795 (0.442–1.428) | 0.442 |
| RIPK3 expression (+ vs. −) | 1.322 (0.756–2.310) | 0.327 | 1.199 (0.703–2.045) | 0.506 |
CHIP(+) and RIPK3(+) denote highly positive expression in immunohistochemistry, while CHIP(−) and RIPK3(−) denote negative-to-weakly positive expression. a Other operation types include two lobectomies with wedge resection, two segmentectomies, and one wedge resection. b Other histology includes four adenosquamous carcinomas, three large-cell carcinomas, two sarcomatoid carcinomas, and two carcinoid tumors. c Others consisted of 83 CHIP(+)/RIPK3(+), six CHIP(+)/RIPK3(−), and 84 CHIP(−)/RIPK3(−) cases. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.