Table 3.
Multivariate Cox regression analysis on overall survival according to CHIP and RIPK3 expression.
| Variable | Overall Survival | |
|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age ≥ 65 (vs. <65) | 1.445 (0.926–2.255) | 0.105 |
| Male (vs. female) | 1.435 (0.673–3.057) | 0.350 |
| Smoking history (vs. no smoking history) | 0.992 (0.490–2.009) | 0.982 |
| Operation type | ||
| Lobectomy | 1 | |
| Bilobectomy | 1.036 (0.498–2.153) | 0.926 |
| Pneumonectomy | 1.432 (0.669–3.068) | 0.355 |
| Others a | 7.375 (2.232–24.370) | 0.001 |
| Adjuvant therapy (+ vs. −) | 0.526 (0.291–0.949) | 0.033 |
| Histology | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 1 | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma (vs. adenocarcinoma) | 0.609 (0.366–1.012) | 0.056 |
| Other types b (vs. adenocarcinoma) | 4.836 (1.603–14.590) | 0.005 |
| Stage II–III (vs. Stage I) | 7.101 (3.562–14.156) | <0.001 |
| Grade 2–3 (vs. Grade 1) | 2.245 (1.176–4.288) | 0.014 |
| CHIP expression (+ vs. −) | 0.500 (0.279–0.899) | 0.021 |
| RIPK3 expression (+ vs. −) | 1.251 (0.734–2.130) | 0.410 |
CHIP(+) and RIPK3(+) denote highly positive expression in immunohistochemistry, while CHIP(−) and RIPK3(−) denote negative-to-weakly positive expression. a Other operation types include two lobectomies with wedge resection, two segmentectomies, and one wedge resection. b Other histology includes four adenosquamous carcinomas, three large-cell carcinomas, two sarcomatoid carcinomas, and two carcinoid tumors. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.