Table 4.
Multivariate Cox regression analysis on overall survival and disease-free survival according to the groups based on the combination of CHIP and RIPK3 expression.
| Variable | Overall Survival | Disease-Free Survival | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age ≥ 65 (vs. <65) | 1.407 (0.904–2.190) | 0.131 | – | – |
| Male (vs. female) | 1.512 (0.714–3.204) | 0.280 | – | – |
| Smoking history (vs. no smoking history) | 0.984 (0.487–1.988) | 0.964 | – | – |
| Operation type | ||||
| Lobectomy | 1 | 1 | ||
| Bilobectomy | 1.042 (0.501–2.168) | 0.912 | 1.409 (0.667–2.977) | 0.369 |
| Pneumonectomy | 1.437 (0.671–3.078) | 0.351 | 1.098 (0.412–2.926) | 0.851 |
| Others a | 8.085 (2.527–25.873) | <0.001 | 2.957 (0.399–21.910) | 0.289 |
| Adjuvant therapy (+ vs. −) | 0.516 (0.286–0.931) | 0.028 | 1.538 (0.767–3.087) | 0.225 |
| Histology | ||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 1 | 1 | ||
| Squamous cell carcinoma (vs. adenocarcinoma) | 0.575 (0.348–0.948) | 0.030 | 0.385 (0.235–0.632) | <0.001 |
| Other types b (vs. adenocarcinoma) | 5.112 (1.737–15.039) | 0.003 | 3.655 (1.038–12.872) | 0.044 |
| Stage II–III (vs. Stage I) | 6.820 (3.435–13.539) | <0.001 | 1.683 (0.819–3.461) | 0.157 |
| Grade 2–3 (vs. Grade 1) | 2.198 (1.150–4.201) | 0.017 | 1.678 (1.011–2.784) | 0.045 |
| CHIP(−)/RIPK3(+) (vs. Others c) | 1.624 (1.060–2.487) | 0.026 | 1.192 (0.804–1.767) | 0.381 |
a Other operation types include two lobectomies with wedge resection, two segmentectomies, and one wedge resection. b Other histology includes four adenosquamous carcinomas, three large-cell carcinomas, two sarcomatoid carcinoma, and two carcinoid tumors. c Others consisted of 83 CHIP(+)/RIPK3(+), six CHIP(+)/RIPK3(−), and 84 CHIP(−)/RIPK3(−) cases. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio. CHIP(+) and RIPK3(+) denote highly positive expression in immunohistochemistry, while CHIP(−) and RIPK3(−) denote negative-to-weakly positive expression.