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Graph showing the antiviral activity of tungsten, tungsten oxide and tungsten carbide at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt % against bacteriophage T4 for 24 h. Results were collected using a plaque assay, viral reductions were calculated from the number of virions present before and after exposure. Error bars represent standard deviation, n = 3. p values of <0.001 (***) are shown on the graph.
