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Course of heart rate after consumption of Red Bull or placebo in normoxic and hypoxic piglets (n = 16). 1 p < 0.01 versus control, 2 p < 0.05 versus control. Normoxia (FiO2 = 0.21) 0–120 min, Hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.13) 120–240 min. Piglets (n = 8) received 10 mL/kg Red Bull at 0 min and 5 mL/kg at 150 min, respectively. Values are mean ± standard deviation.
