Table 2.
Between-group differences in cardiometabolic markers according to intention to treat analysis (n = 180).
| MDG vs. SCG | MLG vs. SCG | MLG vs. MDG | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD | 95%CI | p * | p ** | MD | 95%CI | p * | p ** | MD | 95%CI | p * | p ** | |
| Body weight, kg | −8.96 | −12.6, −6.33 | <0.001 | - | −12.6 | −15.3, −9.93 | <0.001 | - | −3.63 | −6.29, −0.97 | 0.004 | - |
| BMI, kg/m2 | −3.07 | −3.93, −2.22 | <0.001 | - | −4.21 | −5.07, −3.35 | <0.001 | - | −1.14 | −2.00, −0.27 | 0.005 | - |
| WC, cm | −5.51 | −8.50, −2.51 | <0.001 | - | −7.74 | −10.8, −4.71 | <0.001 | - | −2.23 | −5.26, 0.80 | 0.2 | - |
| Glucose, mmol/L a | −0.26 | −0.47, −0.05 | 0.006 | 0.1 | −0.17 | −0.38, 0.05 | 0.2 | >0.9 | 0.10 | −0.11, 0.31 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
| Insulin, pmol/L b | −24.4 | −47.1, −1.64 | 0.002 | 0.7 | −51.8 | −74.8, −28.8 | <0.001 | 0.05 | −27.4 | −50.3, −4.59 | 0.05 | 0.4 |
| HOMA-IR | −1.10 | −2.10, −0.10 | 0.001 | 0.5 | −2.19 | −3.21, −1.17 | <0.001 | 0.05 | −1.09 | −2.11, −0.08 | 0.02 | 0.8 |
| TC, mmol/L c | −0.27 | −0.57, 0.02 | 0.08 | >0.9 | −0.10 | −0.40, 0.20 | 0.5 | >0.9 | 0.17 | −0.13, 0.47 | >0.9 | 0.3 |
| LDLC, mmol/L c | −0.15 | −0.41, 0.12 | 0.6 | 0.8 | −0.02 | −0.28, 0.25 | >0.9 | >0.9 | 0.13 | −0.14, 0.40 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
| HDLC, mmol/L c | 0.05 | −0.01, 0.11 | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.09, 0.21 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.09 | 0.03, 0.15 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| nHDLC, mmol/Lc | −0.34 | −0.62, −0.06 | 0.01 | 0.3 | −0.24 | −0.53, 0.04 | 0.1 | >0.9 | 0.10 | −0.19, 0.38 | >0.9 | 0.8 |
| TG, mmol/L d | −0.41 | −0.68, −0.14 | <0.001 | 0.1 | −0.49 | −0.76, −0.21 | <0.001 | 0.01 | −0.07 | −0.35, 0.20 | >0.9 | >0.9 |
| TC/HDLC | −0.59 | −0.93, −0.24 | <0.001 | 0.01 | −0.74 | −1.09, −0.39 | <0.001 | 0.004 | −0.15 | −0.50, 0.20 | 0.9 | >0.9 |
| TG/HDLC | −0.52 | −0.84, −0.20 | <0.001 | 0.01 | −0.72 | −1.05, −0.40 | <0.001 | 0.01 | −0.20 | −0.52, 0.13 | 0.4 | >0.9 |
| ALT, U/L | −2.14 | −4.32, −0.04 | 0.008 | 0.2 | −3.42 | −5.64, −1.12 | <0.001 | 0.08 | −1.28 | −3.50, 0.93 | 0.5 | >0.9 |
| AST, U/L | −4.60 | −7.79, −1.41 | 0.001 | 0.4 | −6.98 | −10.2, −3.75 | <0.001 | 0.2 | −2.38 | −5.62, 0.86 | 0.5 | >0.9 |
| GGT, U/L | −10.1 | −17.8, −2.39 | <0.001 | 0.3 | −9.66 | −17.4, −1.89 | <0.001 | >0.9 | 0.43 | −7.36, 8.22 | >0.9 | 0.3 |
| SBP, mmHg | −7.29 | −12.2, −2.43 | 0.001 | 0.5 | −6.93 | −11.8, −2.04 | 0.002 | >0.9 | 0.37 | −4.49, 5.22 | >0.9 | >0.9 |
| DBP, mmHg | −9.52 | −13.4, −5.63 | <0.001 | 0.001 | −6.70 | −10.6, −2.81 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 2.82 | −1.08, 6.71 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
Results are presented as mean difference (95% confidence interval). * p-value for the difference between groups at the end of the study, as derived from analysis of covariance (skewed variables were log-transformed and are presented in their anti-logarithm form; Bonferroni correction was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons). All models were adjusted for participants’ age, sex, baseline levels of the dependent variables and continuous positive away pressure use (h/week). Statistical significance level was set at 0.05. ** p-value after further adjustment for body-weight change (%). a to convert glucose to mg/dL multiply mmol/L by 18.018. b to covert insulin to μIU/L multiply pmol/L with 0.167. c to convert cholesterol to mg/dL multiply mmol/L by 38.610. d to convert triglycerides to mg/dL multiply mmol/L by 88.496. MDG, Mediterranean diet group; SCG, standard care group; MLG, Mediterranean lifestyle group; MD, mean difference; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; LDLC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDLC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; ALT, alanine transferase; AST, aspartate transferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.