Table 3.
Between-group differences in the presence of the metabolic syndrome and its components according to intention to treat analysis (n = 180).
| MDG vs. SCG | MLG vs. SCG | MLG vs. MDG | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | 95%CI | p * | p ** | RR | 95%CI | p * | p ** | RR | 95%CI | p * | p ** | |
| Increased WC a | 0.68 | 0.17, 2.70 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.22 | 0.06, 0.85 | 0.02 | 0.2 | 0.33 | 0.12, 0.91 | 0.04 | 0.2 |
| Increased TG b | 0.51 | 0.26, 0.99 | 0.08 | >0.9 | 0.46 | 0.24, 0.90 | 0.05 | >0.9 | 0.92 | 0.45, 1.85 | 0.8 | >0.9 |
| Decreased HDLC c | 0.54 | 0.30, 0.98 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.14, 0.52 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.51 | 0.29, 0.90 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Hypertension d | 0.60 | 0.35, 0.99 | 0.09 | >0.9 | 0.38 | 0.23, 0.64 | <0.001 | >0.9 | 0.64 | 0.39, 1.06 | 0.09 | >0.9 |
| Hyperglycemia e | 0.68 | 0.39, 1.19 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.60 | 0.34, 1.07 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.88 | 0.49, 1.59 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Presence of MS f | 0.58 | 0.34, 0.99 | 0.04 | 0.4 | 0.30 | 0.17, 0.52 | <0.001 | 0.05 | 0.52 | 0.30, 0.89 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
Results are presented as relative risk (95% confidence interval). * p-value for the difference between groups at the end of the study, as derived from generalized linear models (binomial distribution with logit link function; Bonferroni correction was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons). All models were adjusted for participants’ age, sex, baseline levels of the dependent variables and continuous positive airway pressure use (h/week). Statistical significance level was set at 0.05. ** p-value after further adjustment for body-weight change (%). a >102 cm for males and >88 cm for females. b ≥1.7 mmol/L (≥150 mg/dL) or reception of lipid-lowering medication. c <1.0 mmol/L (<40 mg/dL) for males and <1.3 mmol/L (<50 mg/dL) for females, or reception of relevant medication. d systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg or/and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mm Hg, or reception of antihypertensive medication. e fasting glucose levels ≥ 5.6 mmol/L (≥100 mg/dL) or reception of antidiabetic medication. f according to the criteria proposed by Alberti et al. [33]. MDG, Mediterranean diet group; SCG, standard care group; MLG, Mediterranean lifestyle group; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; WC, waist circumference; TG, triglycerides; HDLC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MS, metabolic syndrome.