Figure 7.

Current strategies for NSCLC cancer vaccines. (a) Whole-cell cancer vaccines. Dendritic, tumor, or lymphocyte cells are removed from the patient and modified ex vivo to increase their immune/immunogenic activity. Finally, they are delivered back to the donor patient—autologous therapy—or other patients—allogeneic therapy. (b) Protein- and peptide-based vaccines. Systematic administration of proteins or peptides previously identified as tumor antigens. (c) mRNA vaccines (RNActive^®). Administration of five mRNAs, recognized for their immunogenic nature, stabilized by complexing with cationic proteins for the easy transfection of dendritic cells that will activate the immune response, entering the priming phase of T cells.