Skip to main content
. 2020 May 29;12(6):1606. doi: 10.3390/nu12061606

Table 2.

NHLBI tool for quality assessment of included studies.

Question
Study, Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Rating
Observational Cohort Cross-Sectional Studies
Alles, 2017 [36] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic − Inline graphic − Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic a Inline graphic+ Fair
Draper, 1993 [37] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphicr Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic − Inline graphic − Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic a Inline graphic− Fair
Henjum, 2018 [38] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphicr Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic − Inline graphic − Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic a Inline graphic+ Good
Krajcovicová-Kudlácková, 2003 [39] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphicr Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic − Inline graphic − Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic a Inline graphic− Fair
Leung, 2011 [40] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphicr Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic − Inline graphic − Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic a Inline graphic+ Good
Lightowler, 1998 [41] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic − Inline graphic − Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic a Inline graphic+ Fair
Lightowler, 2002 [42] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic − Inline graphic − Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic a Inline graphic+ Good
Nebl, 2019 [43] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic − Inline graphic − Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphicr Inline graphica Inline graphic− Good
Schűpbach, 2017 [44] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic − Inline graphic − Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic a Inline graphic+ Good
Sobiecki, 2016 [45] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic − Inline graphic − Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic a Inline graphic+ Good
Waldmann, 2003 [46] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic − Inline graphic − Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic a Inline graphic+ Good
Controlled Intervention Studies
Remer, 1999 [47] Inline graphic− Inline graphic? Inline graphic− Inline graphic- Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Good
Case-Control Studies
Elorinne, 2016 [48] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphicr Inline graphic+ Inline graphic? Inline graphic? Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic a Inline graphica Fair
Kristensen, 2015 [49] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic+ Inline graphic? Inline graphic? Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic a Inline graphic a Fair
Rauma, 1994 [50] Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic? Inline graphic? Inline graphic− Inline graphic+ Inline graphic− Inline graphic− Inline graphic a Inline graphica Poor

Inline graphic+, yes; Inline graphic−, no; Inline graphic?, cannot determine; Inline graphica, not applicable; Inline graphicr, not reported; Inline graphic(outlined), fixed answers according to NHLBI recommendations.