| Rho | Rhodopsin |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| LC3 | MAP1 LC3: Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 |
| SQSTM1 | Sequestrome 1 |
| LAMP2A | Lysosome membrane-associated protein 2A |
| 3MA | 3 methyl adenine |
| LG | Low glucose |
| HG | High glucose |
| AIU | Arbitrary intensity units |
| Z-VAD-FMK | Benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe) fluoromethylketone |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| ARPE-19 | A human retinal pigment epithelial cell Line |
| ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
| FBS | Fetal bovine serum |
| BSA | Bovine serum albumin |
| EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| PVDF | Polyvinylidene difluoride |
| Z-DEVD-R110 | (Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp)2-rhofamine 110 |
| PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |