Table 3.

Pathway (KEGG and SMPDB) enrichment analysis in the hypothalamus and whole olfactory bulb: comparison between males fed an HFD and males fed a CD.

Pathways	Total Compounds	Hits	FDR	Impact	Metabolites
Hypothalamus (KEGG and SMPDB databases retrieved the same results)
Aspartate metabolism	34	3	0.00818	35%	L-Asparagine ↑, Argininosuccinic acid ↑, L-Arginine ↑
Arginine and proline metabolism	48	2	0.00586	24%	Argininosuccinic acid ↑, L-Arginine ↑
Urea cycle	23	2	0.00586	22%	Argininosuccinic acid ↑, L-Arginine ↑
Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism	25	2	0.01921	12%	L-Phenylalanine ↑, L-Tyrosine ↑
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis	19	1	0.00586	7%	Pantothenic acid ↑
Ammonia recycling	25	1	0.03670	3%	L-Asparagine ↑
Lysine degradation	20	1	0.01921	3%	Saccharopine ↓
Beta-alanine metabolism	26	2	0.00586	0%	3-Methylhistidine ↑, Pantothenic acid ↑
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation	51	1	0.02030	0%	L-Valine ↑
Catecholamine biosynthesis	14	1	0.03065	0%	L-Tyrosine ↑
Tyrosine metabolism	55	1	0.03065	0%	L-Tyrosine ↑
Whole olfactory bulb (KEGG database)
Arginine and proline metabolism	44	1	0.00233	4%	Hydroxyproline ↓
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis	15	1	0.00430	2%	Pantothenic acid ↑
Lysine degradation	23	2	0.00015	1%	L-Lysine ↓; Saccharopine ↓
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids	42	3	0.00015	0%	8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid ↓; Gamma-linolenic acid ↑; Eicosapentaenoic acid ↓
Lysine biosynthesis	4	2	0.00015	0%	L-Lysine ↓; Saccharopine ↓
Biotin metabolism	5	1	0.00430	0%	L-Lysine ↓
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis	69	1	0.00430	0%	L-Lysine ↓
Whole olfactory bulb (SMPDB database)
Alpha linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism	17	3	0.00032	26%	Eicosapentaenoic acid ↓; 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid ↓; Gamma-Linolenic acid ↑
Lysine degradation	20	2	0.18397	3%	L-Lysine ↓; Saccharopine ↓
Biotin metabolism	7	1	0.72255	0%	L-Lysine ↓
Carnitine synthesis	16	1	0.72255	0%	L-Lysine ↓