Table 2.
Studies included in the review.
| No. | Citation | Length of Study |
Sample Size |
Age (Years) |
Treatment/Medication Type |
Study Type |
Intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Wolever et al. [21] | 12 months | 162 | 35–75 | Diet (n = 162) | Parallel design | Low-GI diet vs. higher GI |
| 2. | Stenvers et al. [26] | 22 months | 20 | 30–75 | N/A | Crossover | Low glucose response liquid formula vs. free choice control diet |
| 3. | Goncalves Reis et al. [23] | 2 weeks | 12 | 40–75 | Oral hyperglycemic agents (n = 8) Insulin (n = 2) Oral hyperglycemic agents with insulin (n = 2) |
Crossover | Low-GI diet vs. higher GI |
| 4. | Lobos et al. [29] | 2 weeks | 10 | 55 ± 6 | Intensive insulin therapy (n = 10) Oral hyperglycemic agents (n = 7) |
Crossover | Low-GI diet vs. higher GI |
| 5. | Chang et al. [25] | 3–4 days (wash-out ranged from 24 to 48h) | 23 | 59 ± 11 | Oral hyperglycemic agents (n = 15) Diet (n = 8) |
Crossover | Reduced CHO content meal vs. higher CHO content meal |
| 6. | Silva et al. [28] | 32 days,4 intervention days separated by 7-day wash out) | 14 | 65.8 ± 5.2 | Oral hyperglycemic agents (n = 12) Diet (n = 2) Antihypertensive medication (n = 11) Lipid-lowering medication (n = 10) |
Crossover | Combination of high-GI/high- or low- fiber vs. low-GI/high- or low-fiber meal |
| 7. | Kamalpour et al. [27] | 2 weeks | 37 | 55 ± 1.2 | Insulin release stimulators (n = 20) Metformin (n = 35) Acarbose (n = 3) Statins (n = 18) Aspirin (n = 11) Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE-I) inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) (n = 14) |
Parallel design | Moderate CHO meal + 7 g. Psyllium vs. lower CHO meal |
| 8. | de Carvalho et al. [30] | 24 days,3 intervention days separated by 7-day wash-out) | 19 | 65.8 ± 7.3 | Oral hyperglycemic agents (n = 18) Diet (n = 1) Antihypertensive (n = 16) Lipid-lowering (n = 16) |
Crossover | Higher fiber diet (low-GI) meal vs. higher fiber supplement (low-GI meal) vs. usual fiber (higher GI meal) |
| 9. | Nisak et al. [22] | 12 weeks | 41 | 55 ± 10 | Oral hyperglycemic agents (n = N/A) Diet (n = N/A) |
Crossover | Low-GI meal vs. higher GI meal |
| 10. | Imai et al. [24] | 5 days | 16 | N/A | Diet (n = 6) Oral hyperglycemic agents (n = 10) |
Crossover | Higher CHO content meal vs. divided meal (resulting in lower CHO content meal) |
GL-glycemic load; GI-glycemic index; CHO- carbohydrates.