AAV	Adeno-associated virus
ACSS2	Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2
AGC	Aspartate-glutamate carrier
aKG	Alpha-ketoglutarate
AKT	Protein kinase B
ALA	Lipoic acid (1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid or thioctic acid)
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BAT	Brown adipose tissue
BCL-XL	B-cell lymphoma-extra large
CoQ10	Coenzyme Q10
CPEO	Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
CPT1	Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1
DAMP	Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns
dGTP	Deoxyguanosine triphosphate
DHODH	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
DNAJA4	Dnaj heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member A4
dNTP	Deoxynucleotide triphosphate
EMT	Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ETC	Electron transport chain
FAD	Flavin adenine dinucleotide
FAO	Fatty acids beta-oxidation
FMT	Fecal microbiota transplant
FOXP3	Forkhead box P3
FPP	Farnesyl pyrophosphate (or diphosphate)
GAPDH	Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GF	Germ-free
GOT2	Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase
Gpx4	Glutathione peroxidase 4
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
2-HG	2-hydroxyglutarate
HIF	Hypoxia-inducible factor
HLRCC	Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer
5hmc	5-hydroxymethylcytosine
HMGCR	HMG-CoA reductase
HO-1	Heme oxygenase- 1
Jmjc	Jumonji C
KDM	Histone lysine demethylase
KRT19	Keratin 19
KSS	Kearns–Sayre syndrome
LC–MS/MS	Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
LDHA	Lactate dehydrogenase A
LHON	Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy
5mc	5-methylcytosine
MCL1	Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein
MEFs	Mouse embryonic fibroblasts
MELAS	Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes
MERRF	Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers
MGMT	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
MIDD	Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cell
mtDNA	Mitochondrial DNA
MTHFD	Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
NAC	N-acetylcysteine
NADH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NARP	Syndrome neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa
ND4	NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4
nDNA	Nuclear DNA
NOX	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase
NSCLC	Non-small-cell lung carcinoma
2-OG	2-oxoglutarate
OXPHOS	Oxidative phosphorylation
PARP	Poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase
PC	Pyruvate carboxylase
PD1	Programmed cell death 1
PDAC	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
PDCD	Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency
PDH	Pyruvate dehydrogenase
PDK2	Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2
PDM	Peridroplet mitochondria
PFKP	Phosphofructokinase
PGK1	Phosphoglycerate kinase
PHD	Prolyl hydroxylase
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PINK1	PTEN-induced putative kinase 1
PPP	Pentose phosphate pathway
pVHL	Von Hippel–Lindau protein
RCC	Renal cell carcinoma
RISP	Rieske iron-sulfur protein
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SCFA	Short-chain fatty acid
SDH	Succinate dehydrogenase
SLC2A	Solute carrier family 2
SMAD	Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1
SNAIL	Snail family transcriptional repressor
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
SPF	Specific pathogens-free
SPOCK	SPARC (Osteonectin), Cwcv, and Kazal like domains proteoglycan
STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription
TAG	Triacylglyceride
TCA	Tricarboxylic acid
TET	Ten-eleven-translocation
TGFβ	Transforming growth factor beta
TNT	Tunneling nanotube
Treg	Regulatory T cell
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor