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Upper panel: cytokine production in PHA-stimulated PBMCs after 48 h of treatment with/without 0.5 mg/mL WGPHs. Pro-inflammatory IFN-γ (a), IL-17 (b) and anti-inflammatory IL-10 (c), and IL-4 (d) cytokine production. Lower panel: ratios of IL-4 (e and f), IL-10 (g and h) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-17). The data represent the mean and standard error of the mean of each group (n = 9). * p ≤ 0.05; *** p ≤ 0.001 with respect to the control group (WGPHs 0 mg/mL).
