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. 2020 Jun 23;21(12):4463. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124463

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cell-to-cell communication between tumor cells and surrounding cells via “extracellular vesicles” (EVs) in metastasis. Cancer-derived EVs contribute to cancer metastasis by educating primary and distant tumor environmental cells. In the metastatic process, cancer-derived EVs induce angiogenesis or disrupt tight junctions in ECs, induce cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) transition, suppress the host immune system, and create a premetastatic niche. Moreover, EVs-derived from cancer surrounding cells, such as CAFs and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also contribute to cancer metastasis.