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. 2020 Jun 16;21(12):4297. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124297

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Xerophthalmia and xerostomia glands in primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) inflammation release pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-33 which activate mast cells (MCs) to produce IL-1 family members exacerbating inflammation in pSS. In this figure, we show the biosynthesis of IL-1 and IL-33 which are mediators of systemic inflammation in primary and secondary Sjogren’s syndrome. IL: interleukin; TLR: Toll-like receptor; ST: soluble transmembrane; MyD: Myeloid differentiation primary response; IRAK: IL-1 receptor-associated kinase; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells.