Table 2.
Mean (±standard deviation) levels of microbial groups as measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) after 0, 24, and 48 h of treatment of a simulated colonic microbiota with 5 g/L AADE (artichoke aqueous dry extract) or FOS (fructo-oligosaccharides). For each microbial group and within each time point (24 h or 48 h), a value indicated with a different letter (a, b, or c) indicates a statistical difference between AADE, FOS, and/or the blank, as tested with a two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05). In contrast, when at least one letter is shared between two treatments, there was no significant between these groups.
| Levels of Microbial Groups (log (16S rRNA Copies/mL)) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incubation Time (h) | 0 h | 24 h | 48 h | ||||
| Blank | AADE | FOS | Blank | AADE | FOS | ||
| Firmicutes | 9.96 ± 0.36 | 10.36 ± 0.13 a | 10.83 ± 0.06 b | 11.00 ± 0.03 b | 10.44 ± 0.14 a | 10.70 ± 0.25 a | 11.08 ± 0.10 b |
| Bacteroidetes | 9.73 ± 0.46 | 10.64 ± 0.47 | 11.09 ± 0.05 | 10.72 ± 0.04 | 10.44 ± 0.10 a | 10.99 ± 0.23 b | 10.87 ± 0.06 a,b |
| Bifidobacteria | 8.26 ± 0.25 | 8.94 ± 0.13 a | 9.71 ± 0.06 b | 10.24 ± 0.06 c | 9.12 ± 0.14 a | 9.60 ± 0.22 b | 10.32 ± 0.04 c |
| Lactobacillus spp. | 6.58 ± 0.19 | 6.84 ± 0.10 a | 7.06 ± 0.03 a | 7.54 ± 0.03 b | 6.87 ± 0.06 a | 7.01 ± 0.15 b | 7.63 ± 0.06 c |
| Akkermansia mucinphila | 7.02 ± 0.51 | 8.23 ± 0.39 | 8.30 ± 0.03 | 7.72 ± 0.08 | 8.08 ± 0.17 a,b | 8.19 ± 0.25 b | 7.85 ± 0.08 a |