| AD-MSCs | Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells |
| BM-MSCs | Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells |
| CO2 | Carbon dioxide |
| CM | Conditioned medium |
| DPSCs | Dental pulp stem cells |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| ELISA | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| EVs | Extracellular vesicles |
| HUMSCs | Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells |
| HUVECs | Human umbilical cord veins |
| miRNA | microRNA |
| mRNA | messenger RNA |
| MSCs | Mesenchymal stromal cells |
| NTA | Nanoparticle tracking analysis |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
| TEM | Transmission electron microscopy |
| TPLSM | Two-photon laser-scanning microscopy |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |