Colon Cancer
|
HT-29, HCT 116, SW480 |
CA |
Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation (increase of Bax; stimulation of caspase-3 -9; reduction of Bcl-2, Mdms, Bcl-xl; block of the reporter gene of STAT 3; inhibition of the phosphorylation of JAK2 and src kinases; reduced expression of cyclin D1, D2, D3, surviving). |
[39] |
|
Tumour cells derived from a primary cancer |
Rosemary derivative |
Cytotoxic effect |
[40] |
|
Colon cancer cell lines |
CA |
Stimulation of the unfolded protein response mirroring ER stress |
[34] |
|
Colon cancer cell lines |
CS |
Block of chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome |
[34] |
|
HT 29 cells |
Supercritical rosemary extract |
Proteomic modifications (adaptive responses to decrease the stress) |
[41] |
|
DLD-1, SW620 |
Supercritical rosemary extract |
Block of anchorage-independent cell growth |
[42,43] |
|
HGUE-C-1, SW480 |
RE |
Reduction in G0/G1 phase; reduction of Bax, HTRA; reduction of survivin. |
[44] |
|
HT-29 cells |
CA, CS |
Modification of glutathione levels, reduction of N-acetylputrescine. |
[45] |
Gastric carcinoma, Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
|
AGS, KYSE30 cell lines. |
Crude extract of R. officinalis |
G2/M cell cycle arrest |
[54] |
Gastric carcinoma
|
SNU-1 human gastric cancer cells |
Sageone |
Augmented phosphorylated Akt; increased cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 |
[55] |
Pancreatic cancer
|
PANC-1, MIA-PaCa-2 |
Supercritical REs |
Increase of the metabolic-related gene GCNT3, epigenetic action on miR-15b |
[51] |
Hepatocellular carcinoma
|
HepG2 liver cancer |
RE |
Reduced apoptosis, ochratoxin and aflatoxin-mediated cell damage, ROS levels and caspase 3 stimulation; increase in caspase 8, NFBIA, TNFSF9, Jun mRNA; reduction in Bcl-2 mRNA levels |
[58,59] |
|
Hep-3B |
RE |
Augment in MRP2 concentrations, Nrf2 nuclear translocation, intracellular ATP levels |
[60] |
|
Bel-7402 cells |
R. officinalis L. essential oil |
Increased cytotoxicity |
[61] |
Lung cancer
|
Human non-small cell lung A549 cancer cells |
RE |
Increased apoptosis; decreased total and phosphorylated Akt, p70S6K and mTOR levels |
[66] |
|
NCI-H82 and A549 |
RA |
Diminished hCOX2 function, anti-inflammatory action |
[67] |
Cerebral neoplasms
|
GMB cells |
CA |
Early G2 inhibition; increased expression of p21 WAF; increased apoptosis; increased proteasomal degradation of SOX2, retinoblastoma, cyclyn B1, glial fibrillary acid protein |
[72] |
|
T98G GMB cells |
CA |
Increase of Nerve Growth Factor. |
[73,74] |
|
IMR-32 neuroblastoma cell |
CA |
Increase of apoptosis by stimulation of caspases and p38 MAPK; reduced ERK activation. |
[75] |
Ovarian cancer
|
A2780, K-OV-3 and HO-8910 cell lines |
Essential oils of rosmarinus |
Reduction of cell growth; cytotoxic effect. |
[61,79] |
Cervical cancer
|
Hela cells |
Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil |
Reduced cell growth |
[81] |
Skin Cancer
|
Mouse melanoma B16/F10 cells |
CS |
Reduction of tyrosine phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38, JNK, AKT and inhibition of activation of transcription factors c-Jun and NF kappa-B |
[82] |
|
BEAC, HT-1080 cell lines |
CA |
Reduction of cell viability, cell adhesion and diffusion; increased apoptosis; cell cycle arrest |
[25,83] |
|
Human melanoma A375 cell line |
Hydroalcoholic RE |
Cytotoxic and cytostatic actions; effect on ER stress |
[84] |
Urinary tract cancer
|
Caki kidney cancer cells |
CA |
Increased apoptosis via ROS-caused endoplasmic reticular stress. |
[99] |
|
AHCN, A498, Caki kidney cancer cells |
CA |
Increase of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis |
[100] |
Prostate cancer
|
PC3 cells |
CS |
Cell cycle arrest at G2 phase; increase of p21 and p27; reduction of cyclin-dependent kinase proteins-2 and -6, cyclin-A, -D1, and -D2; block of PI3K/Akt pathway |
[102] |
|
22Rv1, LNCaP cell lines |
RE |
Reduction of androgen receptor expression |
[32] |
Breast cancer
|
Breast cancer cell lines |
RE, CS |
Inhibitory action on the growth of Estrogen Receptor positive breast cancer cells via target ERβ pathway |
[11,62,105,108] |
|
Triple-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-157 |
CS |
Inhibition of cell cycle at the G2 phase; ROS-dependent apoptosis; beciln1-independent autophagy |
[109] |
|
ER-negative human breast cancer cells |
CA |
Increased gene expression of CYP4F3, GCLC, SLC7A11, AKR1C2, TNXRD1, HMOX1, GDF15, PHLDA1, DDIT3. Reduced expression of ID3, CDKN2C |
[112] |
Acute myeloid leukaemia
|
Leukaemia HL-60 and K-562 cell lines |
RE |
Reduction of growth, augmented differentiation |
[11,115] |
|
K-562 |
RA |
Hyperosmosis-caused apoptosis; associated ROS/RNS generation |
[116] |
|
U937 leukaemia cells |
RA |
Increased TNF-α-caused apoptosis; reduced TNF-α caused-NF-κB activation; ROS generation |
[117] |
|
CCRF-CEM, CEM/ADR 5000 cell lines |
RA |
Augmented cytotoxicity, necrosis, cell cycle arrest and blockage of p65 nuclear translocation |
[120,121] |
Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma
|
ATL cells |
CS |
Reduction of glutathione |
[123] |
Chronic myeloid leukaemia
|
CML KBM-7 cell line |
CS |
Stimulation of programmed cell death and cell cycle arrest; decrease of microRNA-780 |
[124] |