| AUC | area under the receiver operating characteristic curve |
| BPD | benign pancreatic disease |
| CA 19-9 | carbohydrate antigen 19-9 |
| CCA | cholangiocarcinoma |
| dCCA | distal cholangiocarcinoma |
| OPLS | orthogonal partial least squares |
| PCA | principal component analysis |
| PDAC | pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
| UHPLC-MS | ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry |