Figure 7.
FLASH-RT does not induce microglial activation. Quantification of microglial immunoreactivity using the activated (CD68+; A) and pan-microglial (IBA1+; B) markers shows a higher ratio of CD68+/IBA1+ cells (C), indicating microglial activation in the CONV group compared to controls, with intermediate levels found in FLASH-irradiated mice. Mean ± SEM (n = 5–6 animals per group), p values were compared against CONV and derived from ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. * p < 0.05. Scale bar: 30 μm, (A,B).