Table 1.
Adenovirus | Herpes Simplex Virus | Vaccinia Virus | Reovirus | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Genome | dsDNA | dsDNA | dsDNA | Segmented dsRNA |
Capsid | Icosahedral | Icosahedral | Complex | icosahedral |
Virion diameter | 70–90 nm | 150–200 nm | 170–200 nm | 60–100 nm |
Genome size | 36–40 kb | 150–200 kb | 130–280 kb | 0.2–3 kb |
Replication site | Nucleus | Nucleus | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm |
Life cycle | 24 h | 12 h | 8 h | 18 h |
Immunogenicity | High | Moderate | High | Low |
Transgene expression | Transient | Potentially long-term | Transient | Transgene expression is not common |
Ease of manipulation | Easy | Difficult | Easy | Very difficult |
Cloning capacity | 8 kb | >30 kb | 25 kb | n/a |
Easily achievable titers | 1012 PFU/mL | 1010 PFU/mL | 109 PFU/mL | 109 PFU/mL |
Maximum Dose used in human | 6 × 1012 VP [31] | 4 × 108 PFU [32] | 3 × 109 PFU [26] | 3 × 1010 TCID50 [33] |
Virulence of WT virus | Yes | Mild | Mild | No |
dsDNA, Double stranded DNA; dsRNA, Double stranded RNA; kb, kilobase; PFU, plaque forming unit; VP, virus particle; TCID50, median tissue culture infectious dose.