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. 2020 Jun 3;12(6):1459. doi: 10.3390/cancers12061459

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Dose-dependent effects of eupatilin on autophagy, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK signaling in ovarian cancer cells. (A) Effects of eupatilin on autophagosome formation in ES2 and OV90 cells. [B-C] Inhibitory effects of eupatilin on PI3K (B) and MAPK (C) signal transduction in ovarian cancer cells. Each immunoblot was calculated using the normalized ratio of phosphorylated protein relative to the total protein. The experiments were performed in triplicate. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation, and asterisks indicate that the effect of treatment was statistically significant (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001). Detailed information about the western blot can be found in Figure S5.