Figure 8.

In vivo validation of an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis by eupatilin. (A) A zebrafish transgenic model (fli1:EGFP) was used to determine the physiological anti-angiogenic effects of eupatilin. Eupatilin-treated embryos indicated dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel (DLAV) and dorsal aorta (DA) defects and branching intersegmental vessels (ISVs). The scale bar indicates 300 μm in the first vertical panels and 60 μm in the second vertical panels [B–F] Expression of angiogenesis-associated genes, including flt1 (B), flt4 (C), kdrl (D), vegfa (E), and vegfc (F), were analyzed in eupatilin-treated or untreated zebrafish fli1 embryos. The experiments were performed in triplicate. Data represent the mean ± standard deviation, and asterisks indicate that the effect of treatment was statistically significant (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001).