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. 2020 May 29;12(6):1398. doi: 10.3390/cancers12061398

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Common alterations in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. Common alterations in the most prevalent malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs) are shown. (A) Dysgerminomas frequently demonstrate mutations in c-KIT and KRAS. (B) Yolk sac tumors have frequent amplifications of the genes PIK3CA and AKT1 in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Both dysgerminomas and yolk sac tumors are characterized by marked aneuploidy, whereas (C) immature teratoma is characterized by near-diploid copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH).