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. 2020 Jun 25;21(12):4532. doi: 10.3390/ijms21124532

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The modulatory effects of LDIR on production and secretion of M1 cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and M2 cytokines (TGF-α, TGF-β and IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV-2 cells. (A) Outline of the experimental design for in vitro assessment. (B) BV-2 cells were treated with LPS at doses of 1, 10, 20, 100, 1000 and 2000 ng/mL for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by the cell counting Kit-8 assay. (C,D) After BV-2 cells were treated with LPS (10, 20, 100, and 1000 ng/mL) for 24 h, the mRNA expression levels of M1 cytokines and M2 cytokines were measured by qRT-PCR. (E–H) BV-2 cells were treated with LPS (20 ng/mL) for 24 h, then exposed to LDIR (1 Gy/ 1 fraction). The mRNA expression levels of (E) M1 cytokines and (F) M2 cytokines were measured by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of (G) M1 cytokines and (H) M2 cytokines in cultured media were measured by ELISA. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 indicate significant differences between the control and LPS-treated group. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 indicate significant differences between the LPS- and LPS + LDIR- treated group. Data are presented as mean ± SD from triplicate experiments.