SmartNanoTox Conducting in vivo, in vitro and in silico research to develop AOPs for adverse pulmonary effects following MN exposure. Research is being used to develop simplified in vitro or in silico tests for the AOPs developed in the project, targeting identified MIEs and KEs for adverse respiratory outcomes from MN inhalation.	PATROLS Developing mechanism-based, nonanimal methods, models and computational tools for MN hazard characterization, targeting the KEs in established AOPs. This includes in silico hazard testing systems, in vitro human tissue models, ecotoxicology models and methods for MN characterization in biological systems.
OECD WPMN NanoAOP Developed a methodology and approach to use existing nanotoxicology literature to support MN-relevant AOP development and its use in decision making.	NanoSolveIT Developing: (i) innovative modeling techniques and tools for nanoinformatics; (ii) an IATA to identify the specific characteristics of MNs that are responsible for adverse effects on human health or the environment; and (iii) in silico methods, models and tools which are useful for AOP development using toxicogenomics data and linked to nanomaterial “fingerprints”. See also [19].
NanoCommons Developing a nanoinformatics research infrastructure including a knowledge base to facilitate the reuse of existing nanosafety data, tools to support Open and FAIR data curation and annotation, and in silico tools for analysis and prediction of MN environmental and human health impacts.	GRACIOUS Developing a grouping strategy for MNs that can be incorporated into an IATA.
COSMOS Identifying common sets of metadata objects with standard definitions and methods to build better metadata repositories.	DaNa A database with important and generally understandable information on health and the environment as they relate to the application of nanomaterials, as well as data on the safety of manufactured nanomaterials.
RiskGONE Developing science-based risk governance of MNs based on an understanding of risks and risk management practices. The project is developing new tools and/or modifying existing ones to identify the environmental and human health impacts of MNs. AOPs for human and environmental end-points are being developed. These tools will be integrated into the work of a European Risk Governance Council to provide governance decisions on the safety of the specific materials.	NanoReg2 Aimed to couple ‘safe-by-design’ (SbD) to the regulatory process, using value chain implementation studies to establish SbD as a fundamental pillar in the validation of a novel NMs. Grouping concepts developed by NanoReg2 were prepared as guidance documents to support industries or regulatory agencies.