Table 4.

Nanoparticles-based therapeutics incorporated with antioxidants for diabetic wound healing.

Type of Nanoparticles	Incorporated Antioxidants	In Vitro Analysis	In Vivo Model	Results	Route of Administration	Ref.
PLGA nanoparticles	FA	-	2.5 cm in length skin wound was created in diabetic Wistar rats of either sex	FA nanoparticles topical and oral treatment is effective in promoting wound healing in diabetic rats	Oral administration of nanoparticles and topical administration of hydrogel containing nanoparticles	[137]
AuNPs	EGCG, ALA	Antioxidant loaded nanoparticles group significantly decreased RAGE expression in AGE-treated fibroblast cells	1 cm in diameter skin wound was created in diabetic male BALB/c mice	Nanoparticles loaded with antioxidant significantly increased the rate of diabetic wound healing by decreasing RAGE expression than control and free antioxidants	Topical application of nanoparticles containing antioxidant on wound	[145]
AuNPs	EGCG	-	1 cm in diameter skin wound was created in diabetic male BALB/c mice	Epidermal growth factor receptor and collagen I and III protein expression, and hyaluronic acid expression increased considerably which significantly increases the rate of wound healing both in wild-type and diabetic mice	Nanoparticles containing liquid by gas-injection applied directly to the wound	[146]
AuNPs	Green synthesis of AuNPs by Chamaecostus Cuspidatus	-	Blood sampling in Wistar male diabetic mice	Nanoparticles with nontoxic effects showed 50% inhibition of free radicals with restoration of blood glucose, glycogen, and insulin levels in the diabetic mice	Intraperitoneal administration of green synthesized nanoparticle	[147]