. 2020 Jun 4;10(6):1110. doi: 10.3390/nano10061110

Table 3.

Most probable perspectives in future studies regarding the safety of titanium(IV) oxide nanoparticles in everyday products.

Type of Usage/Application of TiO₂ NPs	Perspectives
Food additive E171	Conducting a thorough safety assessment of E171 (especially its nanofraction).
	Developing surface modification methods (e.g., to decrease the absorption rate) as well as green synthesis technologies.
	Establishing E171 daily intake levels considering different particle sizes, polymorphic structures, surface modifications, etc.
Sunscreen formulation	Providing complete assessment of the risk associated with the usage of TiO₂ NPs-containing sunscreens.
	Improving the action of TiO₂ NPs by their surface modification and green synthesis.
	Providing official guidelines for sunscreen manufacturers.