Table 2.
Chronotype and KIDMED score, index, and frequency of responses to each test item.
| M-Type (n = 76) |
I-Type (n = 284) |
E-Type (n = 92) |
Total (n = 452) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KIDMED index, % 1 | ||||
| Low adherence | 5 (6.6%) | 43 (15.1%) | 24 (26.1%) | 72 (15.8%) |
| Medium adherence | 34 (44.7%) | 128 (45.1%) | 51 (55.4%) | 213 (46.6%) |
| High adherence | 37 (48.7%) | 113 (39.8%) | 17 (18.5%) | 167 (36.5%) |
| KIDMED test (%, yes) | ||||
| Takes fruit or fruit juice every day | 58 (76.3%) | 200 (69.9%) | 49 (51.6%) ** | 307 (67.2%) |
| Has a second serving of fruit every day | 36 (47.4%) | 115 (40.2%) | 24 (25.3%) ** | 175 (38.3%) |
| Has fresh or cooked vegetables regularly once a day | 54 (71.1%) | 175 (61.2%) | 54 (56.8%) | 283 (61.9%) |
| Has fresh or cooked vegetables more than once a day | 54 (71.1%) | 175 (61.2%) | 54 (56.8%) | 283 (61.9%) |
| Consumes fish regularly (at least 2–3 days/week) | 46 (60.5%) | 170 (59.4%) | 47 (49.5%) | 263 (57.5%) |
| Goes more than once a week to a fast-food (hamburger) restaurant | 18 (23.7%) | 79 (27.6%) | 30 (31.6%) | 127 (27.8%) |
| Likes pulses and eats them more than once a week | 67 (88.2%) | 226 (79.0%) | 63 (66.3%) ** | 356 (77.9%) |
| Consumes pasta or rice almost every day (≥5 times/week) | 24 (31.6%) | 86 (30.1%) | 34 (36.2%) | 144 (31.5%) |
| Has cereals or cereal products (bread) for breakfast | 61 (80.3%) | 222 (77.6%) | 63 (66.3%) | 346 (75.7%) |
| Consumes nuts regularly (at least 2–3 times per week) | 29 (38.2%) | 97 (33.9%) | 34 (35.8%) | 160 (35.0%) |
| Uses olive oil at home | 76 (100%) | 281 (98.3%) | 90 (94.7%) * | 447 (97.8%) |
| Skips breakfast | 7 (9.2%) | 36 (12.6%) | 31 (32.6%) ** | 74 (16.2%) |
| Has a dairy product for breakfast (yogurt, milk, etc.) | 63 (82.9%) | 225 (78.7%) | 60 (63.8%) ** | 348 (76.1%) |
| Takes two yogurts and/or some cheese (40 g) daily | 26 (34.2%) | 104 (36.4%) | 32 (33.7%) | 162 (35.4%) |
| Has commercially baked goods or pastries for breakfast | 20 (26.3%) | 96 (33.7%) | 29 (30.5%) | 145 (31.7%) |
| Takes sweets and candy several times every day | 7 (9.2%) | 34 (11.9%) | 15 (15.8%) | 56 (12.3%) |
M-type includes extreme and moderate morningness chronotype; I-type, intermediate chronotype; E-type includes extreme and moderate E-type. KIDMED, Mediterranean diet quality index for children and adolescents. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. 1 Significant differences (p < 0.001) exist in the KIDMED index considering chronotypes.