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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface image of polyacrylamide (PAM) layers. Scan area 2 × 2 μm2, laser fluence 250 J m−2 per pulse: (a) non-irradiated PAM layer; (b) irradiated PAM layer with 100 laser pulses (lp), 25 kJ m−2; (c) 200 lp, 50 kJ m−2; (d) 103 lp, 250 kJ m−2; (e) scan area 2.3 × 2.3 μm2, 103 lp, 250 kJ m−2. The surface morphology is area size-dependent.
