Table 1.
Non-amino acid variables of the entire population of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and of the control group (C-NNDS).
| Variable | AD Patients (N = 54) |
C-NNDS (N = 17) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | ||
| Age (years) | 74.63 ± 8.03 | 71.8 ± 6.3 |
| Male gender (%) | 37 (69%) | 7 (41.2%) |
| Anthropometric variables | ||
| Education (years) | 7.6 ± 0.1 | 9.8 ± 5.3 |
| Body weight (kg) | 63.69 ± 12.67 | 69.1 ± 8.5 |
| Height (cm) | 161.16 ± 9.75 | 164 ± 6.4 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.66 ± 4.71 | 25.7 ± 4.9 |
| Mid-arm circumference (cm) | 26.01 ± 2.83 | 27.4 ± 3.5 |
| Biohumoral variables | ||
| Glucose (NV 70–115 mg/dL) | 89.17 ± 15.25 | 95.2 ± 10.4 |
| Insulin (NV 4–24 µU/mL) | 12.63 ± 5.32 | - |
| HOMA-IR (NV < 2.4) | 3.84 ± 2.09 | - |
| Glycosylated haemoglobin (4.8–5.9%) | 5.59 ± 0.71 | 5.3 ± 0.9 |
| Total cholesterol (NV < 200 mg/dL) | 185.98 ± 32.89 | 200.3 ± 41.5 |
| HDL cholesterol (NV: M > 55 mg/dL; F > 65 mg/dL) | 55.75 ± 16.34 | - |
| LDL cholesterol (NV < 100 mg/dL) | 109.49 ± 27.86 | - |
| Transferrin (NV 200–360 mg/dL) | 230.29 ± 37.69 | - |
| Iron (NV 59–158 µg/dL) | 84.27 ± 25.67 | 75.6 ± 19.5 |
| Tryglycerides (NV 0–200 mg/dL) | 101.51 ± 39.32 | 132.8 ± 25.6 |
| Vitamin B12 (NV 191–663 pg/mL) | 321.50 ± 147.19 | 352.7 ± 100.5 |
| Folate (NV 3.1–17.5 ng/mL) | 6.49 ± 3.11 | 5.3 ± 2.5 |
| Creatinine (NV: M 0.73–1.18 mg/dL; F 0.55–1.02 mg/dL) | 0.90 ± 0.22 | 0.95 ± 0.16 |
| Total proteins (NV 6.6–8.7 g/dL) | 6.29 ± 0.40 | 6.9 ± 0.7 |
| Albumin (NV 3500–5200 mg/dL) | 3696 ± 317 | 3802 ± 358 |
| White blood cell count (NV 4.00–10.00 × 103/µL) | 6.34 ± 1.48 | 5.8 ± 1.02 |
| Red blood cell count (NV: M 4.30–5.70 × 106/µL; F 3.80–5.20 × 106/µL) | 4.34 ± 0.45 | 4.5 ± 0.6 |
| Haemoglobin (NV: M 13.2–17.3 g/dL; F 11.7–15.5 g/dL) | 13.14 ± 1.24 | 13.8 ± 1.7 |
| Erythrosedimentation rate (NV < 15 mm/1st h) | 17.44 ± 17.81 | 15 ± 6.5 |
| AD biomarker concentrations in CSF | ||
| tau (NV < 404 pg/mL) | 453.89 ± 408.61 | - |
| p-tau (NV < 56.5 pg/mL) | 74.91 ± 35.76 | - |
| β-amyloid (NV > 599 pg/mL) | 555.33 ± 359.23 | - |
| β-amyloid/tau (NV > 1.6) | 2.22 ± 2.73 | - |
| β-amyloid/p-tau (NV > 11.5) | 9.35 ± 8.27 | - |
| Neurocognitive tests | ||
| Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE < 24 denotes cognitive impairment) | 18.42 ± 7.10 | - |
| Digit Span (NV < 3.75) | 3.90 ± 0.85 | - |
| Trail Making Test TMT-A (NV < 93″) | 156.33 ± 57.29 | - |
| Trail Making Test TMT-B (NV < 282″) | 194.27 ± 107.49 | - |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation except for gender, expressed as N (%). Abbreviations: NV, normal values; HOMA-IR, HOmeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.