$\rho$	Density (kg/m3)
$\varphi$	Volumetric concentration of particles (%)
$C_p$	Specific heat (J/kg °C)
$k$	Thermal conductivity (W/m-K)
$w$	Mass fraction
$V$	Volume concentration
$\mathsf{\mu }$	Viscosity (mPa.s)
$\mathrm{D}$	Linear dimension (m)
$\mathsf{\nu }$	Velocity (m/s)
$\mathrm{h}$	Convection heat transfer coefficient (W/m2 °C)
$\mathrm{L}$	Length (m)
$R_e$	Reynolds number
$N_u$	Nusselt number
Subscripts
f	Fluid
nf	Nanofluid
p	Particle