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. 2020 Jun 12;12(6):1763. doi: 10.3390/nu12061763

Table 1.

Amino acid transporter systems in the human placenta.

Human Gene Protein System Location Substrate Ref.
SLC1A1 EAAT3 XAG MVM, BM Anionic amino acids [24,25]
SLC1A2 EAAT2 XAG MVM, BM Anionic amino acids
SLC1A3 EAAT1 XAG MVM, BM Anionic amino acids
SLC1A6 EAAT4 XAG MVM, BM Anionic amino acids
SLC1A4 ASCT1 ASC BM Neutral amino acids [25,26]
SLC1A5 ASCT2 ASC BM Neutral amino acids
SLC3A1 rBAT b0,+ ? Cationic and neutral amino acids [27]
SLC3A2 4F2hc L MVM, BM Neutral amino acids, BCAAs, and tryptophan
SLC6A6 TAUT β MVM Taurine [28]
SLC7A1 CAT1 y+ MVM, BM Cationic amino acids [29]
SLC7A2 CAT2B y+ MVM, BM Cationic amino acids
SLC7A3P CAT3 y+ MVM, BM Cationic amino acids
SLC7A5 LAT1 L MVM, BM Cationic amino acids [26,30]
SLC7A6 y+LAT2 y+L MVM, BM Cationic amino acids
SLC7A7 y+LAT1 y+L MVM, BM Cationic amino acids
SLC7A8 LAT2 L MVM, BM Cationic amino acids
SLC7A10 ASC1 ASC BM Small neutral amino acids
SLC7A11 xCT Xc- ? Cysteine and glutamate
SLC16A10 TAT1 T BM Aromatic amino acids [26]
SLC38A1 SNAT1 A MVM Neutral amino acids [31,32]
SLC38A2 SNAT2 A MVM Neutral amino acids
SCL38A3 SNAT3 N MVM Neutral amino acids
SLC38A4 SNAT4 A MVM Neutral amino acids
SCL38A5 SNAT5 N MVM Neutral amino acids
SLC43A1 LAT3 L BM Neutral amino acids [26,33]
SLC43A2 LAT4 L BM Neutral amino acids

SCL, solute carrier superfamily; MVM, microvillous membrane; BM, basal membrane; ?, unclear; BCAAs, branched chain amino acids. EAAT, excitatory amino acid transporter. ASCT, Alanine/Serine/Cysteine transporter. rBAT, related to b0,+ amino acid transporter. 4F2hc, 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain. TAUT, taurine transporter. CAT, cationic amino acid transporter. LAT, large neutral amino acid transporter. ASC1, Alanine-Serine-Cysteine-1 transporter. xCT, the core subunit of the system Xc- high affinity cystine transporter. TAT1, T-type amino acid transporter. SNAT, neutral amino acid transporter. ASC, Alanine/Serine/Cysteine.