Table 4.

Summary table with studies on the cyclic endurance performance of trained athletes.

Sport	n	Sex	Number of Studies	Number of Significant Studies	Results on Respiratory and/or Performance Parameters
					Performance	Respiratory
Cycling	101	All M	9	2 [35,44]	Time [35,44], MPO [35,44]	VO2max [44]
Cycling and Triathlon	97	85 M, 12 F	6	2 [23,26]	Time [26], MPO [26]	VO2peak [23] VO2max [26]
Athletics and Triathlon	17	All M	2	1 [22]	Time, RPE	SmO2
Triathlon	26	12 M, 14 F	2
Athletics	20	All M	2	1 [45]	Time
Cross-country skiing	18	15 M, 3 F	2
Rowing	10	All M	1	1 [33]	Time
Swimming	34	24 M, 10 F	3	1 [43]	Time	Reduction of aerobic energy cost
Six different sports	323	Only one study exclusively with F [31] and four mixed studies [29,34,36,41]	27	8	7	5

M: male, F: female, VO_2max: maximal oxygen uptake, VO_2peak: peak oxygen uptake, SmO₂: vastus lateralis oxygen saturation, RPE: rating of perceived exertion, MPO: mean power output.