Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of subjects.
| All Subjects 1 | Subjects Who Completed LDIGIT (n = 47) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin-Sensitive Group (n = 23) | Insulin-Resistant Group (n = 24) | p | ||
| Sex (M/F) | 15/34 | 9/14 | 6/18 | 0.3 † |
| Age (y) | 35.5 ± 15.6 | 36.0 ± 15.7 | 36.1 ± 16 | 0.98 |
| NGT (n) | 16 | 15 | 7 | 0.3 |
| IFG/IGT (n) | 33 | 8 | 17 | |
| Baseline fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 5.3 ± 0.8 | 5.6 ± 0.6 | 0.09 |
| Baseline 2 h glucose (mmol/L) | 7.29 ± 1.6 | 7.05 ± 1.5 | 7.27 ± 1.6 | 0.2 |
| HOMA-IR (HWD) | 0.37, 0.43 | 0.3, 0.46 | 0.38, 0.47 | 0.13 ‡ |
| HOMA-IR (HMD) | 0.52, 0.67 | 0.22, 0.56 | 0.67, 0.86 | 0.01 ‡ |
| LDIGIT (120-150min) insulin (HWD pmol/L) 2 | 34.2, 28.9 | 120.7, 154 | < 0.001 # | |
| LDIGIT (120-150min) insulin (HMD pmol/L) 2 | 28.7, 20.1 | 152.8, 200 | < 0.001# | |
| Baseline weight (kg) | 79.7 ± 21.36 | 70.5 ± 14.9 | 85.4 ± 22.1 | 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 ± 6.9 | 24.6 ± 4.6 | 29.2 ± 5.9 | 0.005 |
| Baseline SBP (mmHg) | 112.5 ± 10.8 3 | 110.7 ± 9.3 4 | 114.7 ± 12.6 5 | 0.3 |
| Baseline DBP (mmHg) | 70.6 ± 9.8 3 | 69.0 ± 9.9 4 | 72.6 ± 9.9 5 | 0.2 |
| Total Fat Mass (kg) | 28.9 ± 15.7 | 20.7 ± 11.5 | 33.8± 13.3 | 0.001 |
| Total Lean Mass (kg) | 46.9 ± 11.5 | 46.0 ± 11.4 | 47.8 ± 12.3 | 0.6 |
| Total Fat Mass (%) | 36.5 ± 12.7 | 30.2 ± 13.1 | 40.7 ± 8.6 | 0.002 |
Groups were contrasted with an unpaired t-test. † p values were obtained by chi-square test. ‡ p values were obtained by Mann–Whitney nonparametric test. # p values were obtained by unpaired t-tests after log transformation. Values are means ± SDs except for HOMA-IR, LDIGIT (120-150min) insulin and CEL, which are medians and interquartile ranges. The insulin-sensitive group and insulin-resistant group were defined a posteriori based on the insulin values of LDIGIT 120-150 min, not from randomized groups: insulin-sensitive group <56 pmol/L with a median insulin of 33 pmol/L (n = 23) and insulin-resistant group >56 pmol/L with a median insulin of 122 pmol/L (n = 24). BMI, body mass index; CEL, carboxy ethyl lysine; CML, carboxymethyllysine; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; F, female; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; LDIGIT, low-dose insulin and glucose infusion test; M, male; MG-H1, methylglyoxal–hydroimidazalone; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; SBP, systolic blood pressure. 1 n = 49;2 n = 47, 3 n = 40; 4 n = 21; 5 n = 18.