Table 2.
Daily calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D usual intake by sex and age group in the EsNuPI population. Differences between RS and AMS groups (n = 1448).
| Group by Age | AR | AI | Boys | Girls | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Median (P5–P95) | <AR (%) | >AI (%) | Mean | SD | Median (P5–P95) | <AR (%) | >AI (%) | |||
| Calcium (mg/day), RS # | ||||||||||||
| 1 to <4 years | 390 | 746 a * | 184 | 736 (462–1064) a * | 1.6 | 744 a | 149 | 740 (508–997) a | 0.5 | |||
| 4 to <6 years | 680 | 775 a,b * | 112 | 772 (597–964) a,b * | 20.0 | 743 a | 161 | 732 (499–1026) b | 37.0 | |||
| 6 to <10 years | 680 | 815 b * | 192 | 805 (517–1148) b * | 24.9 | 799 b * | 150 | 791 (566–1058) c * | 22.0 | |||
| Calcium (mg/day), AMS # | ||||||||||||
| 1 to <4 years | 390 | 702 a * | 131 | 697 (495–924) a * | 0.5 | 735 a | 146 | 727 (511–987) a | 0.4 | |||
| 4 to <6 years | 680 | 835 b * | 150 | 829 (600–1093) a * | 14.9 | 785 b | 132 | 780 (574–1009) b | 21.5 | |||
| 6 to <10 years | 680 | 903 c * | 131 | 897 (696–1127) b * | 3.7 | 846 c * | 171 | 833 (590–1147) c * | 18.6 | |||
| Phosphorus (mg/day), RS # | ||||||||||||
| 1 to <4 years | 250 | 943 a * | 215 | 942 (591–1298) a * | 100 | 939 a * | 196 | 940 (615–1260) a * | 100 | |||
| 4 to <6 years | 440 | 1103 b | 200 | 1102 (775–1434) b * | 100 | 1068 b | 175 | 1061 (792–1366) b | 100 | |||
| 6 to <10 years | 440 | 1179 c | 242 | 1164 (809–1600) c | 100 | 1143 c | 140 | 1138 (920–1381) c | 100 | |||
| Phosphorus (mg/day), AMS # | ||||||||||||
| 1 to <4 years | 250 | 826 a* | 191 | 822 (518–1146) a * | 100 | 870 a * | 213 | 861 (536–1235) a * | 100 | |||
| 4 to <6 years | 440 | 1116 b | 193 | 1108 (814–1446) b * | 100 | 1042 b | 160 | 1039 (784–1309) b | 100 | |||
| 6 to <10 years | 440 | 1182 c | 160 | 1175 (932–1456) c | 100 | 1130 c | 178 | 1124 (846–1432) c | 100 | |||
| Magnesium (mg/day), RS # | ||||||||||||
| 1 to <3 years | 170 | 173 a | 55 | 170 (86–257) a | 50.3 | 175 a | 35 | 173 (121–235) a | 54.0 | |||
| 3 to <6 years | 230 | 205 b * | 31 | 202 (159–258) b * | 19.6 | 200 b * | 33 | 198 (149–259) a,b * | 17.9 | |||
| 6 to <10 years | 230 | 220 c * | 46 | 218 (150–306) c * | 38.8 | 210 c * | 32 | 208 (162–266) b * | 24.5 | |||
| Magnesium (mg/day), AMS # | ||||||||||||
| 1 to <3 years | 170 | 178 a | 47 | 173 (111–263) a | 52.9 | 171 | 51 | 165 (100–265) a | 45.5 | |||
| 3 to <6 years | 230 | 185 a,b * | 29 | 183 (140–236) b * | 7.2 | 181 * | 30 | 180 (134–231) b * | 5.3 | |||
| 6 to <10 years | 230 | 192 b * | 27 | 191 (150–237) b * | 7.8 | 185 * | 45 | 183 (113–262) b * | 16.0 | |||
| Vitamin D (µg/day), RS # | ||||||||||||
| 1 to <4 years | 15 | 3.20 * | 2.84 | 2.43 (0.36–8.83) a,b * | 0.6 | 3.05 a * | 2.70 | 2.28 (0.34–8.55) * | 0.4 | |||
| 4 to <6 years | 15 | 2.77 * | 2.17 | 2.20 (0.45–7.04) a * | 0.1 | 3.14 b * | 2.12 | 2.63 (0.76–7.22) * | 0.1 | |||
| 6 to <10 years | 15 | 2.96 * | 0.96 | 2.85 (1.61–4.72) b * | 0.0 | 3.09 a,b * | 1.77 | 2.72 (0.97–6.52) * | 0.0 | |||
| Vitamin D (µg/day), AMS # | ||||||||||||
| 1 to <4 years | 15 | 6.80 * | 2.32 | 6.57 (3.42–10.95) * | 0.4 | 7.51 a * | 2.44 | 7.08 (4.30–12.10) a * | 0.9 | |||
| 4 to <6 years | 15 | 8.32 * | 3.44 | 7.88 (3.51–14.63) * | 4.3 | 7.02 a,b * | 2.50 | 6.73 (3.46–11.55) b * | 0.6 | |||
| 6 to <10 years | 15 | 7.47 * | 2.98 | 7.14 (3.18–12.86) * | 1.6 | 6.67 b * | 2.61 | 6.38 (2.92–11.4) b * | 0.5 | |||
Average requirement (AR) and adequate intakes (AI) (EFSA, 2017). RS: reference sample (n = 707). AMS: adapted milk consumers sample (n = 741). # Variable that does not follow a normal distribution Results are expressed as the mean, standard deviation, median, and P5–P95 (in brackets). The differences between the RS and AMS sample (in same sex and age group) are indicated by asterisks (*) applying T-student and Mann–Whitney tests. Different superscript letters (a,b,c) indicate differences between age groups in the same column (same sex and same sample type: reference sample (RS) or adapted milks (AMS)),applying the Kruskal–Wallis or ANOVA tests. Different letters indicate significant differences. A p-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.