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. 2020 Jun 6;10(6):1121. doi: 10.3390/nano10061121

Figure 7.

Figure 7

SEM images of the TiO2 nanotubes before and after the calcination procedure (a) untreated, (b) calcination, (c) vapor thermal, and (d) hydrothermal. Reproduced with permission from [87]. American Chemical Society, 2010.