Table 4.
Contribution of selected major, sub-major and minor food groups to calcium (mg), per portion and per 100 g and the proportion contribution of calcium (mg) by gender.
| Food Groups 1 | Calcium (mg), Mean (SD) | Females | Males | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selected Major Selected Sub-Major Selected Minor |
Mean Portion Size (g) 2 | Per Portion | Per 100g | n 3 | Proportion 4 % |
n 3 | Proportion 4 % |
| Milk products and dishes | 127 | 204 (212) | 324 (300) | 447 | 30 | 376 | 35 |
| Dairy milk (cow, sheep and goat) | 202 | 222 (234) | 117 (36) | 117 | 7 | 134 | 15 |
| Yoghurt | 137 | 236 (143) | 171 (26) | 48 | 4 | 37 | 3 |
| Cheese | 32 | 211 (230) | 672 (202) | 164 | 12 | 146 | 14 |
| Frozen milk products 5 | 95 | 88 (54) | 93 (14) | 52 | 2 | 26 | 1 |
| Flavoured milks and milkshakes | 418 | 336 (178) | 79 (21) | 33 | 5 | 18 | 2 |
| Cereal-based products and dishes 6 | 162 | 114 (209) | 65 (56) | 436 | 16 | 365 | 19 |
| Cereal-based mixed dishes | 264 | 211 (281) | 84 (70) | 168 | 13 | 186 | 17 |
| Pizza | 255 | 460 (453) | 175 (60) | 44 | 7 | 40 | 8 |
| Burgers | 185 | 158 (80) | 90 (36) | 16 | 1 | 31 | 2 |
| Savoury pasta/noodle dishes 7 | 402 | 168 (142) | 45 (31) | 47 | 3 | 45 | 3 |
| Non-alcoholic beverages | 314 | 77 (105) | 24 (56) | 566 | 13 | 397 | 10 |
| Tea8 | 327 | 41 (93) | 10 (22) | 176 | 2 | 78 | 2 |
| Coffee and coffee substitutes 8,9 | 278 | 100 (110) | 34 (37) | 195 | 7 | 131 | 6 |
| Other beverage flavourings/prepared beverages 8,10 | 188 | 225 (200) | 153 (175) | 31 | 2 | 17 | 8 |
| Cereals and cereal products | 108 | 53 (70) | 70 (91) | 463 | 9 | 410 | 10 |
| Regular breads, and bread rolls | 70 | 58 (38) | 82 (28) | 201 | 4 | 173 | 5 |
| Breakfast cereals, ready to eat | 62 | 83 (120) | 162 (201) | 53 | 2 | 60 | 2 |
| Vegetable products and dishes | 82 | 23 (55) | 34 (122) | 875 | 9 | 650 | 5 |
| Dairy and meat substitutes | 144 | 183 (183) | 1712 (158) | 79 | 5 | 24 | 2 |
| Dairy milk substitutes, unflavoured 11 | 157 | 104 (114) | 77 (36) | 48 | 2 | 14 | 1 |
| Meat substitutes 12 | 70 | 262 (173) | 368 (149) | 23 | 2 | 8 | 1 |
| Meat, poultry and game products and dishes | 158 | 25 (32) | 15 (11) | 362 | 3 | 294 | 4 |
| Chocolate and chocolate-based confectionery | 35 | 57 (84) | 164 (75) | 91 | 2 | 44 | 1 |
| Fruit products and dishes | 111 | 15 (20) | 15 (16) | 312 | 2 | 180 | 1 |
| Fish and seafood products and dishes | 122 | 63 (123) | 50 (78) | 74 | 1 | 63 | 2 |
| Egg products and dishes | 87 | 49 (42) | 53 (19) | 83 | 1 | 66 | 2 |
| Special dietary foods 8,13 | 20 | 100 (67) | 505 (78) | 27 | 1 | 37 | 2 |
1 Foods were classified according to the Australian National Health Survey (NHS): User’s Guide, 2011–2013 Data item list [22]. This table only shows major, sub-major and minor food groups contributing ≥ 1.5% of total intake for either gender, 2 Amount consumed per eating occasion, 3 Number of items reported for each gender per category, 4 Percent of foods reported in each major food category, e.g., non-alcoholic beverages comprised 13% for females, 5 Includes ice cream, frozen yoghurt, gelato, sorbet and sundaes, 6 dishes refers to any food contained within a dish that is predominantly the food group mentioned (e.g., cereal-based products includes mixed dishes where cereal is the major ingredient such as pizza, burgers, pies, quiche, cookies, cakes, muffins and pastries), 7 Includes mixed pasta dishes where pasta is the main ingredient, e.g., all components of a spaghetti bolognaise including the pasta, sauce and cheese were included in this group, 8 Includes items prepared with or without milk, 9 Coffee substitutes include coffee prepared from coffee mixes, 10 Beverage flavouring include items such as Milo or Nesquik, 11 Includes soy or nut based products or beverages, 12 Includes tofu, soy bean curd skins, tempeh and vegetarian sausages, 13 Includes meal replacement, sports/protein powders.