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X-ray diffractograms of undoped and Gd-doped ZnO-NCs synthesized by traditional sol–gel method (ZnO–GdX–6h) (a), along with oleate-stabilized undoped and Gd-doped ZnO-NCs synthesized by coprecipitation method (Ol-ZnO–GdX) (b) and oleate-stabilized undoped and Mn-doped ZnO-NCs synthesized by coprecipitation method (Ol-ZnO–MnX) (c); X = 0, 0.06, 0.12, 0.24 (*silicon wafer peaks).
