Table 1.
Characteristics of the population in the microbiota study (n = 97).
| Total (n = 97) | Vaginal (n = 53) | Emergency C-Section (n = 9) | Elective C-Section (n = 35) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy data | |||||
| Maternal Age (years) | 35 (31–37) | 33 (29.50–36.50) | 35 (32.50–36) | 35 (31–38) | 0.200 |
| Weight Gain (kg) | 12 (10–15) | 12 (10–14) | 15 (9.85–20) | 12.5 (10.5–15.30) | 0.242 |
| Low | 21 (21.7) | 16 (30.2) | 3 (33.3) | 6 (17.1) | <0.001 * |
| Recommended | 51 (52.6) | 30 (56.5) | 2 (22.2) | 19 (54.3) | |
| High | 25 (25.8) | 7 (13.2) | 4 (44.4) | 10 (28.6) | |
| Pre-gestational BMI (kg/m2) | 22.58 (20.43–25) | 21.63 (20.14–24.06) | 20.32 (19.42–23.49) | 23.42 (21.01–25.88) | 0.070 |
| NW | 68 (70.1) | 39 (73.6) | 7 (77.8) | 22 (62.9) | 0.001 * |
| OW | 23 (23.7) | 10 (18.9) | 1 (11.1) | 12 (34.3) | |
| LW | 6 (6.2) | 4 (7.5) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (2.9) | |
| Antibiotic at Pregnancy | 40 (41.2) | 23 (43.4) | 4 (44.4) | 13 (37.1) | 0.525 |
| Gestational Age (weeks) | 39 (38–40) | 40 (39,40) b | 39 (38–40) ab | 38 (38–40) a | <0.001 * |
| Siblings | 35 (36.1) | 18 (34) | 1 (11.1) | 16 (45.7) | <0.001 * |
| Delivery data | |||||
| O’Sullivan index | 124.7 ± 28.78 | 122.5 ± 27.668 | 127.1 ± 33.87 | 121.5 (107–154.3) 7 | 0.821 |
| Salivary Cortisol (µg/dL) | 0.55 (0.23–1.32) | 0.93 (0.42–2.61)26 b | 0.77 (0.23–1.65)2 ab | 0.35 (0.11–0.61) 9 a | 0.003 * |
| Intrapartum Antibiotic | 7 (13.2) | 7 (13.2) | 9 (100) | 35 (100) | - |
| Episiotomy | 18 (34) 8 | 18 (34) 8 | - | - | - |
| Instrumentalization | 12 (22.7) | 12 (22.7) | - | - | - |
| Rupture of Membranes | |||||
| Spontaneous | 33 (62.3)3 | 33 (62.3)3 | - | - | - |
| Artificial | 17 (32.1) | 17 (32.1) | - | - | - |
| Dietary data | |||||
| Energy (Kcal) | 2770 (220–3275) | 2817 (2313–3382) | 3040 (2103–4157) | 2309 (2115–3051) | 0.092 |
| Total Proteins (g) | 113 (94–130) | 116 (94–127) | 107 (97–162) | 107 (87–103) | 0.485 |
| Animal Proteins (g) | 74 (58–89) | 73 (57–87) | 75 (64–103) | 74 (55–96) | 0.690 |
| Vegetable Proteins (g) | 39 (30–49) | 41 (33–51) | 32 (28–73) | 32 (25–29) | 0.077 |
| Lipids (g) | 137 (111–170) | 142 (111–171) | 149 (101–205) | 133 (111–148) | 0.380 |
| SFA (g) | 28 (28–49) | 38 (27–49) | 42 (27–58) | 38 (28–49) | 0.902 |
| MUFA (g) | 69 (52–80) | 71 (56–80) | 79 (54–95) | 68 (47–74) | 0.174 |
| PUFA (g) | 22 (17–30) | 23 (18–29) | 18 (13–39) | 22 (17–30) | 0.986 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 390 (332–482) | 403 (331–486) | 393 (357–508) | 370 (305–465) | 0.643 |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 264 (205–346) | 287 (222–353) | 249 (76–364) | 210 (160–288) | 0.062 |
| Fiber (mg) | 32 (23–45) | 39 (25–47) | 34 (29–53) | 26 (21–39) | 0.122 |
Significance differences were tested in the three studied groups and were marked in the table with an asterisk (*). Normally distributed data was presented as mean ± SD and non-normal data as median [IQR]. Categorical variables were expressed as positive cases (percentage). Data no sharing letters was significantly different between studied groups. Number of missing values for each variable was represented as a superscript. NW (Normoweight), OW (Overweight), LW (Low weight).