Figure 4.

Antibacterial effects of TiO₂ 1D materials. (a) Confocal images of P. aeruginosa on Ti (left) and TiO₂ NW (right). In the picture, the healthy membranes are tracked in green (SYTO 9), whereas the compromised ones in red (propidium iodide). (b) The percentage of red stained P. aeruginosa cells on the NWs and control. The 18 h attachment produces more damages in comparison to 1 h attachment (see SEM images). The results were investigated by t-test, *** p < 0.001. Scale bars are reported in the figures. Reproduced from ref. [92] distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.