Table 2.
The most common traditional cereal-based fermented foods and beverages worldwide.
| Name | Cereal Used | Fermentation Microorganism (s) | Country/Region of Origin | Type of Product | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boza | Millet, Wheat, Maize, Rice, Barley, Oat, Rye |
LAB | Bulgaria, Albania, Turkey, Republic of Northern Macedonia, Romania, S. Russia, N. Africa |
Beverage | [8] |
| Bushera | Sorghum, Millet | LAB | Uganda | Beverage | [8,77] |
| Cheka | Sorghum, Maize | Unknown | SW. Ethiopia | Beverage | [82] |
| Chicha | Maize | LAB, Acetobacter | Peru | Beverage | [83] |
| Dhokla | Rice |
Leuconostoc mesenteroides, L. fermentum,
P. pentosaceus, Pichia silvicola S. cerevisiae |
India | Steamed Cake | [8] |
| Dosa | Rice | L. mesenteroides, Streptococcus faecalis, L. fermentum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens | S. India | Pancake-Like | [8] |
| Idli | Rice |
L. mesenteroides, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, L. fermentum, L. lactis, S. faecalis, Pediococcus cerevisiae, L. plantarum
Subsp. plantarum, L. pentosus, L. plantarum spp. argentoratensis |
India, Sri Lanka | Steamed Cake | [8] |
| Injera | White or Red Sorghum, Tef, Wheat, Barley, Finger Millet Or Maize | Pullaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhodotorula sp., Hormodendrumsp., Candida sp., L. bulgaricus | Ethiopia, Africa | Pancake-Like | [8,84] |
| Kenkey | Maize | L. fermentum, L. reuteri | Ghana | Sourdough Dumpling | [7,8] |
| Khambir | Wheat | Yeast, Mold, LAB, Bifidobacterium sp. |
W. Himalayas | Flat Bread | [85] |
| Kishk | Wheat, Oats |
L. plantarum, L. brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus subtilis, Yeasts
L. rhamnosus, Lactobacillus sakei |
Egypt, Syria, Arabic Countries | Soup | [8] |
| Kisra | Sorghum |
P. pentosaceus, Lactobacillus coprophilus,
Lactobacillus cellobiosus, L. brevis, L. fermentum, L. amylovorus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Candida intermedia, Debaryomyces hansenii, S. cerevisiae |
Sudan | Pancake-Like | [8] |
| Koko | Maize | L. plantarum, L. brevis | Ghana | Beverage | [7] |
| Kvass | Rye |
L. casei, L. mesenteroides,
S. cerevisiae |
Central Europe | Beverage | [8] |
| Kwunu-Zaki | Millet, Sorghum, Maize | LAB | Northern Nigeria | Beverage | [7] |
| Liha | Maize | Unknown | Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria | Beverage | [7] |
| Mahewu | Millet, Sorghum, Maize | L. delbrueckii, L. bulgaricus, Streptococcus lactis | S. Africa, Togo | Beverage | [7,77] |
| Mangisi | Millet | Unknown | Zimbabwe | Beverage | [7] |
| Mawe | Maize | LAB | S. Africa, Togo | Dough | [7,8] |
| Munkoyo | Sorghum, Millet Or Maize Plus Munkoyo Roots | Unknown | Zambia, Africa | Beverage | [7] |
| Mutwiwa | Maize | LAB | Zimbabwe | Porridge | [7] |
| Ogi, Ogi-Baba | Maize, Millet, Sorghum | L. plantarum | Nigeria, W. Africa | Pudding | [7,8] |
| Pozol | Maize | Streptococcus bovis, Streptococcus macedonicus, L. lactis, Enterococcus sulfureus, L. fermentum | Mexico, Guatemala | Beverage | [8] |
| Tarhana, Trahana | Wheat (Rye, Maize, Barley, Corn, Oat, Buckwheat) |
L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus, L. lactis,
Lactococcus diacetylactis, L. acidophilus, Lactococcus cremoris, L. casei, S. cerevisiae |
Greece, Cyprus, Turkey | Soup | [8] |
| Tobwa | Maize | LAB | Zimbabwe | Beverage | [7] |
| Togwa | Sorghum, Millet, Maize | Lactobacillus, Streptococcus | Tanzania | Beverage | [7,77] |
| Uji | Maize, Millet, Sorghum | L. plantarum | Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania | Beverage | [7] |
| Ricera | Rice | S. thermophilus, L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium bifidum | Unknown | Unknown | [76] |
| Koozh | Millet, Rice |
Weissella paramesenteroides, L. plantarum, L.
fermentum |
S. India | Beverage | [77,86] |
| Kunu | Maize, Millet, Sorghum |
Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus,
Weissella |
W. Africa | Beverage | [87] |