Table 1.

The articles included in the systematic review, listed by topic, level of evidence (LoE), and Coleman Methodology Score (CMS).

Augmentation Technique	Author	Study Type	LoE	CMS
Synthetic bone substitutes and cement augmentation
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement	Katthagen et al. [30]	Prospective non-randomized non-controlled	II	37
	Siebenburger et al. [33]	Randomized controlled trial	I	68
	Hengg et al. [34]	Retrospective comparative	III	52
Calcium phosphate
	Robinson et al. (2003) [35]	Retrospective	IV	46
	Egol et al. (2012) [36]	Retrospective comparative	III	50
Calcium sulfate
	Lee et al. (2009) [37]	Retrospective comparative	III	45
	Liu et al. (2011) [38]	Retrospective comparative	III	48
	Somasundaram et al. (2013) [39]	Retrospective	IV	33
Mechanical devices
Triangular block bridge	Russo et al. (2013, 2017) [40,41]	Retrospective comparative	III	39
Intramedullary cage	Hudgens et al. (2019) [42]	Retrospective	IV	30