Figure 2.

All data are presented as mean ± SD, calculated from all participants. Selected variables (HR—heart rate; La—blood lactate concentration; VO₂—oxygen uptake; VCO₂—carbon dioxide output; VE—ventilation; B_f—breathing frequency) during an incremental bicep exercise test. Sub-maximal markers are the first and second lactate turn point. Exercise intensities for constant-load tests ((A)—5% of P_max < LTP₁; (B)—5% of P_max > LTP₁; (C)—5% of P_max < LTP₂; (D)—5% of P_max > LTP₂) and distinct phases (Phases I–II–III) are shown. Phase I: no increase in blood lactate concentration above baseline during constant-load exercise. Phase II: slight increase in blood lactate concentration. Phase III: strong increase of blood lactate concentration up to termination of exercise.