Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable logistic regression derived coefficients (OR), 95% confidence intervals and P value, for the association between parents’ oral health knowledge and parents’ education levels
| Oral health | Educational level | Univariable | Multivariable | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | Father | Mother | Father | ||||||||||
| OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | ||
| Gingival bleeding is normal when brushing teeth (1 = “wrong”) | Middle school or below | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| High school | 1.40 | 1.22–1.59 | < 0.001 | 1.36 | 1.18–1.56 | < 0.001 | 1.25 | 1.07–1.47 | 0.006 | 1.19 | 1.01–1.40 | 0.040 | |
| College | 1.56 | 1.35–1.81 | < 0.001 | 1.69 | 1.44–1.97 | < 0.001 | 1.39 | 1.13–1.71 | 0.002 | 1.26 | 1.03–1.55 | 0.027 | |
| Undergraduate or above | 2.21 | 1.93–2.13 | < 0.001 | 1.89 | 1.65–2.15 | < 0.001 | 2.05 | 1.64–2.56 | < 0.001 | 1.12 | 0.90–1.39 | 0.300 | |
| Gingivitis is caused by bacterial infection (1 = “correct”) | Middle school or below | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| High school | 1.39 | 1.12–1.72 | 0.003 | 1.19 | 0.94–1.49 | 0.148 | 1.28 | 0.98–1.67 | 0.068 | 1.03 | 0.79–1.35 | 0.812 | |
| College | 1.70 | 1.32–2.18 | < 0.001 | 1.35 | 1.04–1.74 | 0.022 | 1.40 | 0.99–1.99 | 0.058 | 1.05 | 0.75–1.49 | 0.769 | |
| Undergraduate or above | 1.93 | 1.53–2.42 | < 0.001 | 1.89 | 1.50–2.38 | < 0.001 | 1.40 | 0.96–2.04 | 0.085 | 1.43 | 0.98–2.09 | 0.064 | |
|
Tooth-brushing helps in preventing gingivitis (1 = “correct”) |
Middle school or below | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| High school | 1.42 | 1.21–1.67 | < 0.001 | 1.09 | 0.92–1.29 | 0.305 | 1.47 | 1.21–1.78 | < 0.001 | 0.87 | 0.71–1.05 | 0.151 | |
| College | 1.93 | 1.60–2.33 | < 0.001 | 1.50 | 1.24–1.82 | < 0.001 | 1.79 | 1.39–2.32 | < 0.001 | 0.94 | 0.73–1.21 | 0.626 | |
| Undergraduate or above | 2.92 | 2.43–3.51 | < 0.001 | 2.41 | 2.02–2.88 | < 0.001 | 2.42 | 1.81–3.23 | < 0.001 | 1.21 | 0.91–1.61 | 0.180 | |
| Dental caries is caused by bacteria (1 = “correct”) | Middle school or below | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| High school | 1.39 | 1.20–1.62 | < 0.001 | 1.07 | 0.92–1.26 | 0.379 | 1.48 | 1.24–1.77 | < 0.001 | 0.85 | 0.71–1.02 | 0.850 | |
| College | 1.90 | 1.60–2.26 | < 0.001 | 1.47 | 1.23–1.76 | < 0.001 | 1.88 | 1.48–2.39 | < 0.001 | 0.90 | 0.71–1.14 | 0.901 | |
| Undergraduate or above | 2.65 | 2.25–3.13 | < 0.001 | 2.11 | 1.80–2.48 | < 0.001 | 2.46 | 1.89–3.20 | < 0.001 | 1.05 | 0.81–1.36 | 1.048 | |
| Sugar intake can cause dental caries (1 = “correct”) | Middle school or below | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| High school | 1.04 | 0.89–1.22 | 0.602 | 0.96 | 0.81–1.14 | 0.644 | 1.08 | 0.89–1.31 | 0.429 | 0.90 | 0.74–1.10 | 0.901 | |
| College | 1.35 | 1.13–1.62 | 0.001 | 1.19 | 0.99–1.44 | 0.069 | 1.29 | 1.00–1.66 | 0.044 | 0.97 | 0.75–1.24 | 0.968 | |
| Undergraduate or above | 1.82 | 1.53–2.16 | < 0.001 | 1.60 | 1.35–1.89 | < 0.001 | 1.65 | 1.26–2.17 | < 0.001 | 1.09 | 0.84–1.43 | 1.093 | |
| Fluoride protects teeth from decay (1 = “correct”) | Middle school or below | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| High school | 1.29 | 1.14–1.45 | < 0.001 | 1.20 | 1.05–1.36 | 0.006 | 1.21 | 1.05–1.41 | 0.010 | 1.05 | 0.90–1.22 | 0.558 | |
| College | 1.73 | 1.52–1.98 | < 0.001 | 1.52 | 1.32–1.75 | < 0.001 | 1.53 | 1.27–1.84 | < 0.001 | 1.06 | 0.88–1.28 | 0.561 | |
| Undergraduate or above | 3.08 | 2.71–3.50 | < 0.001 | 2.533 | 2.24–2.87 | < 0.001 | 2.49 | 2.03–3.05 | < 0.001 | 1.30 | 1.06–1.58 | 0.012 | |
| PFS help in preventing dental caries (1 = “correct”) | Middle school or below | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| High school | 1.68 | 1.42–1.98 | < 0.001 | 1.30 | 1.09–1.55 | 0.003 | 1.42 | 1.16–1.74 | 0.001 | 1.08 | 0.88–1.32 | 0.486 | |
| College | 2.14 | 1.76–2.61 | < 0.001 | 2.10 | 1.70–2.59 | < 0.001 | 1.38 | 1.05–1.81 | 0.022 | 1.53 | 1.16–2.02 | 0.003 | |
| Undergraduate or above | 4.14 | 3.36–5.10 | < 0.001 | 3.59 | 2.95–4.36 | < 0.001 | 2.25 | 1.63–3.10 | < 0.001 | 2.03 | 1.49–2.76 | < 0.001 | |
| Oral health is essential to general health (1 = “correct”) | Middle school or below | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||||
| High school | 1.69 | 1.40–2.03 | < 0.001 | 1.40 | 1.15–1.69 | 0.001 | 1.47 | 1.18–1.84 | 0.001 | 1.10 | 0.88–1.38 | 0.395 | |
| College | 2.82 | 2.23–3.56 | < 0.001 | 2.15 | 1.71–2.71 | < 0.001 | 1.97 | 1.43–2.70 | < 0.001 | 1.29 | 0.95–1.74 | 0.103 | |
| Undergraduate or above | 4.82 | 3.78–6.15 | < 0.001 | 4.34 | 3.46–5.45 | < 0.001 | 2.72 | 1.88–3.93 | < 0.001 | 2.03 | 1.43–2.89 | < 0.001 | |
Significant associations (P < 0.05) are in bold