Table 3.
Multiple-linear regression for the associations between vegetarian dietary patterns and renal function parametersa
| Omnivores | Vegetarians | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total vegetariansb | Lacto-ovo vegetarians | Vegans | ||
| β(95% CIs) | β(95% CIs) | β(95% CIs) | ||
| BUN | ||||
| Model 1 | 0 (Ref) | −0.71 (− 0.88, − 0.53) | −0.76 (− 0.95, − 0.57) | −0.56 (− 0.84, − 0.27) |
| Model 2 | − 0.68 (− 0.85, − 0.51) | − 0.71 (− 0.90, − 0.52) | − 0.58 (− 0.87, − 0.30) | |
| Model 3 | −0.72 (− 0.96, − 0.49) | −0.71 (− 0.96, − 0.46) | −0.74 (−1.13, − 0.36) | |
| Model 4 | − 0.63 (− 0.88, − 0.38) | −0.59 (− 0.86, − 0.32) | −0.64 (− 1.05, − 0.22) | |
| Model 5 | − 0.66 (− 0.95, − 0.38) | −0.66 (− 0.98, − 0.35) | −0.52 (− 1.04, 0.00) | |
| SCr | ||||
| Model 1 | 0 (Ref) | −1.91 (− 3.72, − 0.10) | − 2.08 (− 4.03, − 0.12) | −1.43 (− 4.43, 1.57) |
| Model 2 | − 2.04 (− 3.51, − 0.57) | −1.61 (− 3.12, − 0.10) | − 3.70 (− 6.08, − 1.32) | |
| Model 3 | −2.95 (− 4.85, − 1.05) | −2.46 (− 4.38, − 0.55) | − 5.41 (− 8.70, − 2.11) | |
| Model 4 | −2.04 (−4.10, 0.02) | − 1.58 (− 3.65, 0.48) | − 3.17 (− 6.24, − 0.09) | |
| Model 5 | −2.47 (− 4.83, − 0.11) | −2.41 (− 4.81, − 0.01) | −3.67 (− 8.17, − 0.86) | |
| UA | ||||
| Model 1 | 0 (Ref) | − 18.41 (− 29.11, − 7.70) | − 21.72 (− 33.19, − 10.25) | −9.00 (− 26.01, − 8.03) |
| Model 2 | − 10.17 (− 19.28, − 1.05) | −11.87 (− 21.54, − 2.19) | −5.69 (− 20.30, 8.95) | |
| Model 3 | −17.21 (− 28.76, − 5.65) | −16.47 (− 28.77, − 4.17) | −19.30 (− 37.77, − 0.82) | |
| Model 4 | − 15.15 (− 27.81, − 2.50) | − 16.29 (− 29.61, − 2.97) | −14.88 (− 35.18, 5.42) | |
| Model 5 | −18.00 (− 32.52, −3.48) | −18.73 (− 34.25, − 3.21) | − 19.96 (− 45.61, 5.68) | |
| eGFR | ||||
| Model 1 | 0 (Ref) | 3.06 (0.26, 5.85) | 2.65 (−0.26, 5.56) | 4.20 (−0.37, 8.78) |
| Model 2 | 3.59 (0.92, 6.28) | 2.66 (−0.08, 5.39) | 7.42 (3.02, 11.81) | |
| Model 3 | 5.94 (2.48, 9.41) | 4.51 (1.15, 7.87) | 12.29 (6.25, 18.33) | |
| Model 4 | 4.04 (0.30, 7.78) | 2.69 (−0.92, 6.30) | 8.31 (2.38, 13.85) | |
| Model 5 | 4.55 (0.25, 8.84) | 4.17 (−0.03, 8.37) | 7.70 (0.53, 15.94) | |
aModel 1: Unadjusted regression; Model 2: Adjusted for sex, age, BMI and skeletal muscle mass based on Model 1; Model 3: Adjusted for physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking status based on Model 2; Model 4: Adjusted for LDL, HDL, systolic pressure and fasting blood glucose in addition to the adjustments in Model 3; Model 5: Adjusted for vegetarian diet duration on the basis of Model 4
bTotal vegetarians: lacto-ovo vegetarians and vegans