Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of 955 returned travellers or new immigrants presenting to a GeoSentinel Surveillance Network site for travel-acquired cutaneous or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, 1997–2017a, by purpose of travel
| Purpose of travel | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | All travellers, n = 955 | Tourism, n = 501 | Visiting friends and relatives, n = 119 | Migration, n = 97 | Missionary, volunteer, researcher and aid, n = 88 | Business, n = 72 | Otherb, n = 78 | |||||||
| Sexc, n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Male | 596 | 62.4 | 312 | 62.3 | 60 | 50.4 | 58 | 59.8 | 51 | 58.0 | 50 | 69.4 | 65 | 83.3 |
| Female | 358 | 37.5 | 189 | 37.7 | 59 | 49.6 | 39 | 40.2 | 36 | 40.9 | 22 | 30.6 | 13 | 16.7 |
| Age, median (range), y | 30 | 1–95 | 30 | 1–78 | 40.5 | 1–95 | 27 | 1–78 | 30 | 18–76 | 37 | 21–68 | 25 | 15–68 |
| Type of patientd, n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Inpatient | 77 | 8.1 | 41 | 8.2 | 5 | 4.2 | 9 | 9.3 | 4 | 4.5 | 4 | 5.6 | 14 | 17.9 |
| Outpatient | 871 | 91.2 | 458 | 91.4 | 114 | 95.8 | 86 | 88.7 | 82 | 93.2 | 68 | 94.4 | 63 | 80.8 |
| Travel duration, median (range) | 47 d | <1 d–34 y | 37.5 d | 5 d–10.5 y | 31 d | <1 d–9.3 yrs | NA | NA | 89 d | 9 d–34 y | 35 d | 5 d–8 y | 123 d | 7 d–4.4 y |
| Short duration travel (≤14 days), n (%) | 99 | 10.4 | 76 | 15.2 | 5 | 4.2 | NA | NA | 4 | 4.5 | 11 | 15.3 | 3 | 3.8 |
| Pretravel medical encounter, n (%) |
||||||||||||||
| Yes | 368 | 38.5 | 236 | 47.1 | 12 | 10.1 | NA | NA | 44 | 50.0 | 26 | 36.1 | 50 | 64.1 |
| No | 340 | 35.6 | 147 | 29.3 | 75 | 63 | NA | NA | 25 | 28.4 | 24 | 33.3 | 11 | 14.1 |
| Unknown | 247 | 25.9 | 118 | 23.6 | 32 | 26.9 | NA | NA | 19 | 21.6 | 22 | 30.6 | 17 | 21.8 |
| Region of acquisition, n (%) | ||||||||||||||
| South America | 335 | 35.1 | 214 | 42.7 | 8 | 6.7 | 6 | 6.2 | 47 | 53.4 | 26 | 36.1 | 34 | 43.6 |
| Central America | 176 | 18.4 | 118 | 23.6 | 5 | 4.2 | 9 | 9.3 | 20 | 22.7 | 13 | 18.1 | 11 | 14.1 |
| Middle East | 101 | 10.6 | 30 | 6.0 | 13 | 10.9 | 38 | 39.2 | 3 | 3.4 | 10 | 13.9 | 7 | 9.0 |
| South Central Asia | 97 | 10.2 | 10 | 2.0 | 27 | 22.7 | 31 | 32.0 | 3 | 3.4 | 5 | 6.9 | 21 | 26.9 |
| North Africa | 91 | 9.5 | 24 | 4.8 | 53 | 44.5 | 1 | 1.0 | 4 | 4.5 | 6 | 8.3 | 3 | 3.8 |
| Western Europe | 81 | 8.5 | 74 | 14.8 | 4 | 3.4 | 1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2.8 | 0 | 0 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 43 | 4.5 | 14 | 2.8 | 8 | 6.7 | 7 | 7.2 | 9 | 10.2 | 4 | 5.6 | 1 | 1.3 |
| Eastern Europe | 2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.8 | 1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Unknown | 29 | 3.0 | 17 | 3.4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3.1 | 2 | 2.3 | 6 | 8.3 | 1 | 1.3 |
aVisit dates between 29 September 1997 and 31 August 2017
bIncludes 52 military personnel, 25 students, and 1 medical tourist.
cSex unknown for one missionary traveller
dUnknown care setting in seven (0.7%) travellers (two tourists, two missionaries, two migrants and one ‘other’)