Table 1.
Distribution of Patient Characteristics in the Tracheal Intubation and Tracheotomy Groups, Before and After Propensity Score Matching
| Characteristics | Before Matching | P value | After Matching | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tracheal Intubation Group | Tracheotomy Group | Tracheal Intubation Group | Tracheotomy Group | |||
| Total | 515 | 326 | 298 | 298 | ||
| Age | 60.17±8.9 | 60.93±9.4 | 0.248 | 60.38±9.5 | 60.79±8.8 | 0.623 |
| Age < 60 (yr) | 252 (49) | 151 (46) | 0.479 | 137 (46) | 138 (46) | 1.000 |
| Male | 500 (97) | 316 (97) | 0.897 | 288 (96) | 289 (97) | 0.816 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.8 ± 3.1 | 22.0 ± 3.2 | 0.255 | 21.5 ± 3.1 | 21.9 ± 3.1 | 0.752 |
| Smoking index | 531 | 604 | 0.058 | 591 | 552 | 0.896 |
| Alcohol intake | 135 (26) | 92 (28) | 0.523 | 77 (25) | 84 (28) | 0.518 |
| Hypertension | 88 (17) | 48 (14) | 0.364 | 50 (16) | 44 (15) | 0.500 |
| Diabetes | 29 (6) | 16 (5) | 0.650 | 14 (5) | 15 (5) | 0.849 |
| Cardiac disease | 16 (3) | 10 (3) | 0.974 | 13 (4) | 10 (3) | 0.523 |
| ASA | ||||||
| 2 | 237 (46) | 137 (42) | 0.178 | 132 (44) | 123 (41) | 0.524 |
| 3 | 257 (50) | 181 (56) | 156 (52) | 168 (56) | ||
| 4 | 21 (4) | 8 (2) | 10 (4) | 7 (3) | ||
| Cancer history | 24 (5) | 8 (3) | 0.103 | 14 (5) | 6 (2) | 0.069 |
| Opioids (morphine, mg) | 62.3 ± 1.1 | 74.1 ± 1.6 | 0.007* | 70.4 ± 1.5 | 70.9 ± 1.6 | 0.436 |
| Type of surgery | ||||||
| Partial laryngectomy | 247 (48) | 89 (27) | <0.001* | 99 (33) | 88 (30) | 0.332 |
| Total laryngectomy | 268 (52) | 237 (73) | 199 (67) | 210 (70) | ||
| Neck dissection | 271 (53) | 190 (58) | 0.108 | 184 (62) | 170 (57) | 0.243 |
| Anesthesia time (h) | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 1.4 | 0.030* | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 1.3 | 0.914 |
| Blood transfusion | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 0.426 | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 0.317 |
| Primary cite of cancer | ||||||
| Supraglottic | 104 (20) | 78 (24) | 0.438 | 59 (20) | 70 (24) | 0.505 |
| Glottic | 400 (78) | 241 (74) | 230 (77) | 221 (74) | ||
| Subglottic | 11 (2) | 7 (2) | 9 (3) | 7 (2) | ||
| Tumor Differentiation | ||||||
| Poorly differentiated | 80 (16) | 46 (14) | 0.755 | 47 (16) | 39 (13) | 0.626 |
| Moderately differentiated | 289 (56) | 181 (56) | 162 (54) | 170 (57) | ||
| Highly differentiated | 146 (28) | 99 (30) | 89 (30) | 89 (30) | ||
| T classification | ||||||
| 1 | 75 (15) | 19 (6) | <0.001* | 21 (7) | 19 (6) | 0.967 |
| 2 | 159 (30) | 79 (24) | 74 (25) | 78 (26) | ||
| 3 | 180 (35) | 130 (40) | 113 (38) | 114 (38) | ||
| 4 | 101 (20) | 98 (30) | 90 (30) | 87 (30) | ||
| N classification | ||||||
| 0 | 394 (77) | 244 (75) | 0.208 | 220 (74) | 228 (77) | 0.213 |
| 1 | 51 (9) | 44 (14) | 30 (10) | 36 (12) | ||
| 2 | 67 (13) | 38 (12) | 46 (15) | 34 (11) | ||
| 3 | 3 (1) | 0 | 2 (1) | 0 | ||
| Clinical stage | ||||||
| I/II | 204 (40) | 85 (26) | <0.001* | 85 (28) | 84 (28) | 0.920 |
| III/IV | 311 (60) | 241 (74) | 213 (72) | 214 (72) | ||
| Postoperative complications | 23 (4) | 22 (7) | 0.152 | 18 (6) | 21 (7) | 0.619 |
| Preoperative radiotherapy | 18 (4) | 22 (7) | 0.031* | 13 (4) | 16 (5) | 0.568 |
| Preoperative chemotherapy | 15 (3) | 10 (3) | 0.897 | 10 (3) | 8 (3) | 0.632 |
| Postoperative radiotherapy | 88 (17) | 52 (16) | 0.666 | 62 (21) | 45 (15) | 0.070 |
| Postoperative chemotherapy | 19 (4) | 27 (8) | 0.004* | 15 (5) | 15 (5) | 1.000 |
Notes: Data are the median, or number and percentage (%), analyzed with a Fisher’s exact test, χ2-test or two-sample t test. *P<0.05 is statistically significant.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ASA, American society of Anesthesiology; T classification, tumor classification of tumor, node and metastasis classification of cancer; N classification, node classification of tumor, node and metastasis classification of cancer.